round the moon-第20章

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account　of　the　reversing　of　the　objects　by　the　glasses；　the
south　is　above　and　the　north　below；　it　would　seem　natural　that；
on　account　of　that　inversion；　the　east　should　be　to　the　left
hand；　and　the　west　to　the　right。　　But　it　is　not　so。　　If　the　map
were　turned　upside　down；　showing　the　moon　as　we　see　her；　the
east　would　be　to　the　left；　and　the　west　to　the　right；　contrary
to　that　which　exists　on　terrestrial　maps。　　The　following　is　the
reason　of　this　anomaly。　　Observers　in　the　northern　hemisphere
（say　in　Europe）　see　the　moon　in　the　south　according　to　them。
When　they　take　observations；　they　turn　their　backs　to　the　north；
the　reverse　position　to　that　which　they　occupy　when　they　study
a　terrestrial　map。　　As　they　turn　their　backs　to　the　north；　the
east　is　on　their　left；　and　the　west　to　their　right。　　To　observers
in　the　southern　hemisphere　（Patagonia　for　example）；　the　moon's
west　would　be　quite　to　their　left；　and　the　east　to　their　right；
as　the　south　is　behind　them。　　Such　is　the　reason　of　the　apparent
reversing　of　these　two　cardinal　points；　and　we　must　bear　it　in　mind
in　order　to　be　able　to　follow　President　Barbicane's　observations。

With　the　help　of　Boeer　and　Moedler's　_Mappa　Selenographica_；
the　travelers　were　able　at　once　to　recognize　that　portion
of　the　disc　enclosed　within　the　field　of　their　glasses。

〃What　are　we　looking　at；　at　this　moment？〃　asked　Michel。

〃At　the　northern　part　of　the　‘Sea　of　Clouds；'〃　answered　Barbicane。
〃We　are　too　far　off　to　recognize　its　nature。　　Are　these　plains
composed　of　arid　sand；　as　the　first　astronomer　maintained？
Or　are　they　nothing　but　immense　forests；　according　to　M。　Warren
de　la　Rue's　opinion；　who　gives　the　moon　an　atmosphere；　though
a　very　low　and　a　very　dense　one？　　That　we　shall　know　by　and　by。
We　must　affirm　nothing　until　we　are　in　a　position　to　do　so。〃

This　〃Sea　of　Clouds〃　is　rather　doubtfully　marked　out　upon　the　maps。
It　is　supposed　that　these　vast　plains　are　strewn　with　blocks　of
lava　from　the　neighboring　volcanoes　on　its　right；　Ptolemy；
Purbach；　Arzachel。　　But　the　projectile　was　advancing；　and　sensibly
nearing　it。　　Soon　there　appeared　the　heights　which　bound　this　sea
at　this　northern　limit。　　Before　them　rose　a　mountain　radiant　with
beauty；　the　top　of　which　seemed　lost　in　an　eruption　of　solar　rays。

〃That　is？〃　asked　Michel。

〃Copernicus；〃　replied　Barbicane。

〃Let　us　see　Copernicus。〃

This　mount；　situated　in　9@　north　latitude　and　20@　east
longitude；　rose　to　a　height　of　10；600　feet　above　the　surface　of
the　moon。　　It　is　quite　visible　from　the　earth；　and　astronomers
can　study　it　with　ease；　particularly　during　the　phase　between
the　last　quarter　and　the　new　moon；　because　then　the　shadows　are
thrown　lengthways　from　east　to　west；　allowing　them　to　measure
the　heights。

This　Copernicus　forms　the　most　important　of　the　radiating
system；　situated　in　the　southern　hemisphere；　according　to　Tycho
Brahe。　　It　rises　isolated　like　a　gigantic　lighthouse　on　that
portion　of　the　〃Sea　of　Clouds；〃　which　is　bounded　by　the　〃Sea　of
Tempests；〃　thus　lighting　by　its　splendid　rays　two　oceans　at
a　time。　　It　was　a　sight　without　an　equal；　those　long　luminous
trains；　so　dazzling　in　the　full　moon；　and　which；　passing　the
boundary　chain　on　the　north；　extends　to　the　〃Sea　of　Rains。〃
At　one　o'clock　of　the　terrestrial　morning；　the　projectile；
like　a　balloon　borne　into　space；　overlooked　the　top　of　this
superb　mount。　　Barbicane　could　recognize　perfectly　its
chief　features。　　Copernicus　is　comprised　in　the　series　of
ringed　mountains　of　the　first　order；　in　the　division　of
great　circles。　　Like　Kepler　and　Aristarchus；　which　overlook
the　〃Ocean　of　Tempests；〃　sometimes　it　appeared　like　a　brilliant
point　through　the　cloudy　light；　and　was　taken　for　a　volcano
in　activity。　　But　it　is　only　an　extinct　one　like　all　on　that
side　of　the　moon。　　Its　circumference　showed　a　diameter　of　about
twenty…two　leagues。　　The　glasses　discovered　traces　of
stratification　produced　by　successive　eruptions；　and　the
neighborhood　was　strewn　with　volcanic　remains　which　still　choked
some　of　the　craters。

〃There　exist；〃　said　Barbicane；　〃several　kinds　of　circles　on　the
surface　of　the　moon；　and　it　is　easy　to　see　that　Copernicus
belongs　to　the　radiating　class。　　If　we　were　nearer；　we　should
see　the　cones　bristling　on　the　inside；　which　in　former　times
were　so　many　fiery　mouths。　　A　curious　arrangement；　and　one
without　an　exception　on　the　lunar　disc；　is　that　the　interior
surface　of　these　circles　is　the　reverse　of　the　exterior；　and
contrary　to　the　form　taken　by　terrestrial　craters。　　It　follows；
then；　that　the　general　curve　of　the　bottom　of　these　circles
gives　a　sphere　of　a　smaller　diameter　than　that　of　the　moon。〃

〃And　why　this　peculiar　disposition？〃　asked　Nicholl。

〃We　do　not　know；〃　replied　Barbicane。

〃What　splendid　radiation！〃　said　Michel。　　〃One　could　hardly　see
a　finer　spectacle；　I　think。〃

〃What　would　you　say；　then；〃　replied　Barbicane；　〃if　chance　should
bear　us　toward　the　southern　hemisphere？〃

〃Well；　I　should　say　that　it　was　still　more　beautiful；〃　retorted
Michel　Ardan。

At　this　moment　the　projectile　hung　perpendicularly　over　the　circle。
The　circumference　of　Copernicus　formed　almost　a　perfect　circle；
and　its　steep　escarpments　were　clearly　defined。　　They　could　even
distinguish　a　second　ringed　enclosure。　　Around　spread　a　grayish
plain；　of　a　wild　aspect；　on　which　every　relief　was　marked　in　yellow。
At　the　bottom　of　the　circle；　as　if　enclosed　in　a　jewel　case；
sparkled　for　one　instant　two　or　three　eruptive　cones；　like　enormous
dazzling　gems。　　Toward　the　north　the　escarpments　were　lowered　by　a
depression　which　would　probably　have　given　access　to　the　interior
of　the　crater。

In　passing　over　the　surrounding　plains；　Barbicane　noticed　a
great　number　of　less　important　mountains；　and　among　others　a
little　ringed　one　called　Guy　Lussac；　the　breadth　of　which
measured　twelve　miles。

Toward　the　south；　the　plain　was　very　flat；　without　one
elevation；　without　one　projection。　　Toward　the　north；　on　the
contrary；　till　where　it　was　bounded　by　the　〃Sea　of　Storms；〃　it
resembled　a　liquid　surface　agitated　by　a　storm；　of　which　the
hills　and　hollows　formed　a　succession　of　waves　suddenly　congealed。
Over　the　whole　of　this；　and　in　all　directions；　lay　the　luminous
lines；　all　converging　to　the　summit　of　Copernicus。

The　travelers　discussed　the　origin　of　these　strange　rays；　but　they
could　not　determine　their　nature　any　more　than　terrestrial　observers。

〃But　why；〃　said　Nicholl；　〃should　not　these　rays　be　simply　spurs
of　mountains　which　reflect　more　vividly　the　light　of　the　sun？〃

〃No；〃　replied　Barbicane；　〃if　it　was　so；　under　certain　conditions
of　the　moon；　these　ridges　would　cast　shadows；　and　they　do　not
cast　any。〃

And　indeed；　these　rays　only　appeared　when　the　orb　of　day　was　in
opposition　to　the　moon；　and　disappeared　as　soon　as　its　rays
became　oblique。

〃But　how　have　they　endeavored　to　explain　these　lines　of　light？〃
asked　Michel；　〃for　I　cannot　believe　that　savants　would　ever　be
stranded　for　want　of　an　explanation。〃

〃Yes；〃　replied　Barbicane；　〃Herschel　has　put　forward　an　opinion；
but　he　did　not　venture　to　affirm　it。〃

〃Never　mind。　　What　was　the　opinion？〃

〃He　thought　that　these　rays　might　be　streams　of　cooled　lava
which　shone　when　the　sun　beat　straight　upon　them。　　It　may　be　so；
but　nothing　can　be　less　certain。　　Besides；　if　we　pass　nearer　to
Tycho；　we　shall　be　in　a　better　position　to　find　out　the　cause　of
this　radiation。〃

〃Do　you　know；　my　friends；　what　that　plain；　seen　from　the　height
we　are　at；　resembles？〃　said　Michel。

〃No；〃　replied　Nicholl。

〃Very　well；　with　all　those　pieces　of　lava　lengthened　like　rockets；
it　resembles　an　immense　game　of　spelikans　thrown　pellmell。
There　wants　but　the　hook　to　pull　them　out　one　by　one。〃

〃Do　be　serious；〃　said　Barbicane。

〃Well；　let　us　be　serious；〃　replied　Michel　quietly；　〃and　instead
of　spelikans；　let　us　put　bones。　　This　plain；　would　then　be
nothing　but　an　immense　cemetery；　on　which　would　repose　the
mortal　remains　of　thousands　of　extinct　generations。　　Do　you
prefer　that　high…flown　comparison？〃

〃One　is　as　good　as　the　other；〃　retorted　Barbicane。

〃My　word；　you　are　difficult　to　please；〃　answered　Michel。

〃My　worthy　fr