round the moon-第11章
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〃And is the air replaced by nothing whatever?〃
〃By the ether only;〃 replied Barbicane。
〃And pray what is the ether?〃
〃The ether; my friend; is an agglomeration of imponderable
atoms; which; relatively to their dimensions; are as far removed
from each other as the celestial bodies are in space。 It is
these atoms which; by their vibratory motion; produce both light
and heat in the universe。〃
They now proceeded to the burial of Satellite。 They had merely
to drop him into space; in the same way that sailors drop a body
into the sea; but; as President Barbicane suggested; they must
act quickly; so as to lose as little as possible of that air
whose elasticity would rapidly have spread it into space。
The bolts of the right scuttle; the opening of which measured
about twelve inches across; were carefully drawn; while Michel;
quite grieved; prepared to launch his dog into space。 The glass;
raised by a powerful lever; which enabled it to overcome the
pressure of the inside air on the walls of the projectile;
turned rapidly on its hinges; and Satellite was thrown out。
Scarcely a particle of air could have escaped; and the operation
was so successful that later on Barbicane did not fear to
dispose of the rubbish which encumbered the car。
CHAPTER VI
QUESTION AND ANSWER
On the 4th of December; when the travelers awoke after
fifty…four hours' journey; the chronometer marked five o'clock
of the terrestrial morning。 In time it was just over five
hours and forty minutes; half of that assigned to their sojourn
in the projectile; but they had already accomplished nearly
seven…tenths of the way。 This peculiarity was due to their
regularly decreasing speed。
Now when they observed the earth through the lower window;
it looked like nothing more than a dark spot; drowned in the
solar rays。 No more crescent; no more cloudy light! The next
day; at midnight; the earth would be _new_; at the very moment
when the moon would be full。 Above; the orb of night was nearing
the line followed by the projectile; so as to meet it at the
given hour。 All around the black vault was studded with brilliant
points; which seemed to move slowly; but; at the great distance
they were from them; their relative size did not seem to change。
The sun and stars appeared exactly as they do to us upon earth。
As to the moon; she was considerably larger; but the travelers'
glasses; not very powerful; did not allow them as yet to make
any useful observations upon her surface; or reconnoiter her
topographically or geologically。
Thus the time passed in never…ending conversations all about
the moon。 Each one brought forward his own contingent of
particular facts; Barbicane and Nicholl always serious; Michel
Ardan always enthusiastic。 The projectile; its situation;
its direction; incidents which might happen; the precautions
necessitated by their fall on to the moon; were inexhaustible
matters of conjecture。
As they were breakfasting; a question of Michel's; relating to
the projectile; provoked rather a curious answer from Barbicane;
which is worth repeating。 Michel; supposing it to be roughly
stopped; while still under its formidable initial speed; wished
to know what the consequences of the stoppage would have been。
〃But;〃 said Barbicane; 〃I do not see how it could have been stopped。〃
〃But let us suppose so;〃 said Michel。
〃It is an impossible supposition;〃 said the practical Barbicane;
〃unless that impulsive force had failed; but even then its speed
would diminish by degrees; and it would not have stopped suddenly。〃
〃Admit that it had struck a body in space。〃
〃What body?〃
〃Why that enormous meteor which we met。〃
〃Then;〃 said Nicholl; 〃the projectile would have been broken
into a thousand pieces; and we with it。〃
〃More than that;〃 replied Barbicane; 〃we should have been burned
to death。〃
〃Burned?〃 exclaimed Michel; 〃by Jove! I am sorry it did not
happen; ‘just to see。'〃
〃And you would have seen;〃 replied Barbicane。 〃It is known now
that heat is only a modification of motion。 When water is
warmed that is to say; when heat is added to itits particles
are set in motion。〃
〃Well;〃 said michel; 〃that is an ingenious theory!〃
〃And a true one; my worthy friend; for it explains every
phenomenon of caloric。 Heat is but the motion of atoms; a
simple oscillation of the particles of a body。 When they apply
the brake to a train; the train comes to a stop; but what
becomes of the motion which it had previously possessed? It is
transformed into heat; and the brake becomes hot。 Why do they
grease the axles of the wheels? To prevent their heating;
because this heat would be generated by the motion which is thus
lost by transformation。〃
〃Yes; I understand;〃 replied Michel; 〃perfectly。 For example;
when I have run a long time; when I am swimming; when I am
perspiring in large drops; why am I obliged to stop?
Simply because my motion is changed into heat。〃
Barbicane could not help smiling at Michel's reply; then;
returning to his theory; said:
〃Thus; in case of a shock; it would have been with our
projectile as with a ball which falls in a burning state after
having struck the metal plate; it is its motion which is turned
into heat。 Consequently I affirm that; if our projectile had
struck the meteor; its speed thus suddenly checked would have
raised a heat great enough to turn it into vapor instantaneously。〃
〃Then;〃 asked Nicholl; 〃what would happen if the earth's motion
were to stop suddenly?〃
〃Her temperature would be raised to such a pitch;〃 said
Barbicane; 〃that she would be at once reduced to vapor。〃
〃Well;〃 said Michel; 〃that is a way of ending the earth which
will greatly simplify things。〃
〃And if the earth fell upon the sun?〃 asked Nicholl。
〃According to calculation;〃 replied Barbicane; 〃the fall would
develop a heat equal to that produced by 16;000 globes of coal;
each equal in bulk to our terrestrial globe。〃
〃Good additional heat for the sun;〃 replied Michel Ardan; 〃of
which the inhabitants of Uranus or Neptune would doubtless not
complain; they must be perished with cold on their planets。〃
〃Thus; my friends;〃 said Barbicane; 〃all motion suddenly stopped
produces heat。 And this theory allows us to infer that the heat
of the solar disc is fed by a hail of meteors falling
incessantly on its surface。 They have even calculated〃
〃Oh; dear!〃 murmured Michel; 〃the figures are coming。〃
〃They have even calculated;〃 continued the imperturbable Barbicane;
〃that the shock of each meteor on the sun ought to produce a heat
equal to that of 4;000 masses of coal of an equal bulk。〃
〃And what is the solar heat?〃 asked Michel。
〃It is equal to that produced by the combustion of a stratum of
coal surrounding the sun to a depth of forty…seven miles。〃
〃And that heat〃
〃Would be able to boil two billions nine hundred millions of
cubic myriameters '2' of water。〃
'2' The myriameter is equal to rather more than 10;936
cubic yards English。
〃And it does not roast us!〃 exclaimed Michel。
〃No;〃 replied Barbicane; 〃because the terrestrial atmosphere
absorbs four…tenths of the solar heat; besides; the quantity of
heat intercepted by the earth is but a billionth part of the
entire radiation。〃
〃I see that all is for the best;〃 said Michel; 〃and that this
atmosphere is a useful invention; for it not only allows us to
breathe; but it prevents us from roasting。〃
〃Yes!〃 said Nicholl; 〃unfortunately; it will not be the same in
the moon。〃
〃Bah!〃 said Michel; always hopeful。 〃If there are inhabitants;
they must breathe。 If there are no longer any; they must have
left enough oxygen for three people; if only at the bottom of
ravines; where its own weight will cause it to accumulate; and
we will not climb the mountains; that is all。〃 And Michel;
rising; went to look at the lunar disc; which shone with
intolerable brilliancy。
〃By Jove!〃 said he; 〃it must be hot up there!〃
〃Without considering;〃 replied Nicholl; 〃that the day lasts 360 hours!〃
〃And to compensate that;〃 said Barbicane; 〃the nights have the
same length; and as heat is restored by radiation; their
temperature can o