the army of the cumberland-第28章
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e in command of that side of the river。 Rosecrans ordered Davis to take and hold the line occupied by Beatty's division。 Later； all the troops of Crittenden's corps crossed the river and occupied the crests； intrenching themselves in this position。
During the morning of the 3d Bragg ordered a heavy and constant picket firing to be kept up on his front； to determine whether our army still confronted him。 At one point in the wood to the left of the Murfreesboro pike the rebel sharpshooters had all day annoyed Rousseau； who requested permission to dislodge them from their supports； coving a ford at that place。 About six o'clock in the evening two regiments from John Beatty's brigade of Rousseau's division； co…operating with two regiments of Spear's brigade of Negley's division； under cover of a brisk artillery fire； advanced on the woods and drove the enemy not only from their cover； but also from their intrenchments a short distance from the rear。
At noon Bragg； on consultation with his generals； decided to retreat； leaving the field in possession of his opponent。 At 12。15 of the night of the 2d； after Breckinridge's failure； Cleburne and Withers had sent a communication to Bragg's headquarters； through Polk； stating that there was but 〃three brigades that are at all reliable； and even some of these are more or less demoralized from having some brigade commanders who do not possess the confidence of their commands。〃 They expressed their fears of great disaster which should be avoided by retreat。 This was endorsed by Polk at 12。30 A。M。； January 3d； 〃I send you the enclosed papers as requested； and I am compelled to add that after seeing the effect of the operations of to…day； added to that produced upon the troops by the battle of the 31st； I very greatly fear the consequences of another engagement at this place on the ensuing day。 We could now perhaps get off with some safety； and with some credit if the affair was well managed； should we fail in the meditated attack； the consequences might be very disastrous。〃
By 11 P。M。 the whole of Bragg's army； except his cavalry； was in retreat in good order to a position behind Duck River。 His cavalry held the front at Murfreesboro until Monday morning； when they fell back and covered Bragg's immediate front。 Sunday the 4th was spent in burying the dead； and the cavalry was sent to reconnoitre。 On the 5th Thomas's entire command； preceded by Stanley's cavalry； marched into Murfreesboro； and encamped on the Manchester and Shelbyville road。
The cavalry under Stanley rendered very efficient service on the advance from Nashville。 Dividing these troops into three columns he sent the first brigade under Colonel Minty with Crittenden's corps； the second brigade under Colonel Zahm moved to the right； protecting McCook's right flank； the reserve Stanley commanded in person； and moved with the head of McCook's command on the Nolinsville pike。 Colonel John Kennett； in command of the cavalry division； commanded the cavalry on the Murfreesboro pike。 There was constant skirmishing between the enemy's cavalry and artillery and each of the columns up to the 31st； as the army advanced； getting into position。 At midnight on the 30th； Stanley moved with part of his command to Lavergne； where the enemy's cavalry was interfering with the trains。 At 9。30 he was ordered by General Rosecrans to hasten to the right and cover McCook's flank。 On reaching there he found McCook's new line formed on the Nashville road； when the enemy's skirmishers advanced and drove Stanley's dismounted cavalry out of the woods to the open field。 Here he was re…enforced； and charging the rebels routed them； driving them back to their lines。 On the 1st Zahm's brigade was sent to Lavergne to protect the wagon trains being sent to Nashville。 He had several skirmishes with Wheeler； but finally secured the safety of the train and repulsed every attack of the rebel cavalry。
On the 2d and 3d of January the cavalry was engaged in watching the flanks of our position。 On the 4th Stanley discovered that the enemy had fled。 Collecting his cavalry he moved to the fords of Stone's River； in readiness to cross； and on the 5th； preceding Thomas； they entered Murfreesboro。 Zahm's command went out on the Shelbyville pike six miles； meeting with no opposition。 Stanley with the rest of his cavalry marched down the Manchester pike； encountering the enemy's cavalry strongly posted at Lytle's Creek in heavy force。 Fighting here until sundown； the rebels were driven from one cedar…brake to another until Spear's brigade came up； when they were driven from their last stand in disorder。 The cavalry returned and camped at Lytle's Creek to recuperate； after nine days of active campaigning。 During this time the saddles were only taken off the horses to groom them； and were immediately replaced。
Bragg in his retreat left in his hospitals all his wounded in Murfreesboro。 By this some 2；500 prisoners fell into our hands to be cared for。
Thus； after seven days' battle； the Army of the Cumberland rested in Murfreesboro having achieved the object of the winter campaign。 The final battle for Kentucky had been fought by Bragg and lost。 Nashville； too； was now beyond his hopes； and for the great victory of the 31st； which he claimed； Bragg had but little to show。
In the heavy skirmishing prior to the 31st； success attended every movement of the Federal army。 The heavy fighting of the early part of the 31st was all in Bragg's favor up to the time his advance was checked by our centre and the new line on the right。 From that time to the occupation of Murfreesboro every movement resulted in favor of the army under Rosecrans； and the retreat of Bragg after the defeat of Breckinridge gave the halo of victory to our army as the result of the campaign。 In his retreat Bragg admitted that he had gained nothing but a victory barren of results； at the cost of him of 10；125 killed； wounded； and missing； 9；000 of whom were killed and wounded； over twenty per cent of his command。 Bragg's field return of December 10； 1862； shows an effective total of 51；036； composed of 39；304 infantry； 10；070 cavalry； and 1；662 artillery。 By reason of Morgan and Forrest being absent on their raids； Bragg's cavalry was reduced to 5；638。 This gave an effective force of 46；604； which was the strength of the army with which Bragg fought the battle。
Rosecrans's force on the battle…field was： Infantry； 37；977； artillery； 2；223； cavalry； 3；200； total； 43；400。 His loss was： killed； 1；553； wounded； 7；245。 The enemy captured about 2；800 men。 Making his total loss about twenty…five per cent。 of his force in action。 Rosecrans lost twenty…eight pieces of artillery and a large portion of his wagon train。 Bragg lost three pieces of artillery。
Why did Rosecrans's plan of battle miscarry so fatally and Bragg's come so near absolute success？ The fault was not the plan as conceived by the former。 The near success of the latter proved a vindication of that。 The originator of the plan was not at fault personally； for at no time during the battle did he falter or prove unequal to his command。 When called on to give up his plan of the offensive and assume the defensive to save his army； the wonderful power of Rosecrans as a general over troops was never displayed to a greater advantage。 With the blood from a slight wound on his cheek； in a light blue army overcoat； through the mud and rain of the battle…field； he rode along the line inspiring his troops with the confidence he felt as to the final result。 To Rosecrans there was but one outcome to the battle at Stone's River； and that was victory。 When some of his general officers advised retreat to Nashville； not for an instant did he falter in his determination to 〃fight or die right here。〃 The demoralization of one of his division commanders was so great； that on Thursday afternoon； when the rebels were massing on Rosecrans's right； this general； commanding a division； announced to his brigade commanders that in the event of the anticipated assault resulting disastrously； he proposed to take his division and cut his way through to Nashville。 To his troopsthe greater part of whom had never seen Rosecrans under
