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AT THE SHRINE OF ST。 WAGNER





Bayreuth; Aug。 2d; 1891





It was at Nuremberg that we struck the inundation of music…

mad strangers that was rolling down upon Bayreuth。  It had been

long since we had seen such multitudes of excited and struggling

people。  It took a good half…hour to pack them and pair them into

the trainand it was the longest train we have yet seen in

Europe。  Nuremberg had been witnessing this sort of experience a

couple of times a day for about two weeks。  It gives one an

impressive sense of the magnitude of this biennial pilgrimage。

For a pilgrimage is what it is。  The devotees come from the very

ends of the earth to worship their prophet in his own Kaaba in

his own Mecca。



If you are living in New York or San Francisco or Chicago or

anywhere else in America; and you conclude; by the middle of May;

that you would like to attend the Bayreuth opera two months and a

half later; you must use the cable and get about it immediately

or you will get no seats; and you must cable for lodgings; too。

Then if you are lucky you will get seats in the last row and

lodgings in the fringe of the town。  If you stop to write you

will get nothing。  There were plenty of people in Nuremberg when

we passed through who had come on pilgrimage without first

securing seats and lodgings。  They had found neither in Bayreuth;

they had walked Bayreuth streets a while in sorrow; then had gone

to Nuremberg and found neither beds nor standing room; and had

walked those quaint streets all night; waiting for the hotels to

open and empty their guests into trains; and so make room for

these; their defeated brethren and sisters in the faith。  They

had endured from thirty to forty hours' railroading on the

continent of Europewith all which that implies of worry;

fatigue; and financial impoverishmentand all they had got and

all they were to get for it was handiness and accuracy in kicking

themselves; acquired by practice in the back streets of the two

towns when other people were in bed; for back they must go over

that unspeakable journey with their pious mission unfulfilled。

These humiliated outcasts had the frowsy and unbrushed and

apologetic look of wet cats; and their eyes were glazed with

drowsiness; their bodies were adroop from crown to sole; and all

kind…hearted people refrained from asking them if they had been

to Bayreuth and failed to connect; as knowing they would lie。



We reached here (Bayreuth) about mid…afternoon of a rainy

Saturday。  We were of the wise; and had secured lodgings and

opera seats months in advance。



I am not a musical critic; and did not come here to write

essays about the operas and deliver judgment upon their merits。

The little children of Bayreuth could do that with a finer

sympathy and a broader intelligence than I。  I only care to bring

four or five pilgrims to the operas; pilgrims able to appreciate

them and enjoy them。  What I write about the performance to put

in my odd time would be offered to the public as merely a cat's

view of a king; and not of didactic value。



Next day; which was Sunday; we left for the opera…house

that is to say; the Wagner templea little after the middle of

the afternoon。  The great building stands all by itself; grand

and lonely; on a high ground outside the town。  We were warned

that if we arrived after four o'clock we should be obliged to pay

two dollars and a half extra by way of fine。  We saved that; and

it may be remarked here that this is the only opportunity that

Europe offers of saving money。  There was a big crowd in the

grounds about the building; and the ladies' dresses took the sun

with fine effect。  I do not mean to intimate that the ladies were

in full dress; for that was not so。  The dresses were pretty; but

neither sex was in evening dress。



The interior of the building is simpleseverely so; but

there is no occasion for color and decoration; since the people

sit in the dark。  The auditorium has the shape of a keystone;

with the stage at the narrow end。  There is an aisle on each

side; but no aisle in the body of the house。  Each row of seats

extends in an unbroken curve from one side of the house to the

other。  There are seven entrance doors on each side of the

theater and four at the butt; eighteen doors to admit and emit

1;650 persons。  The number of the particular door by which you

are to enter the house or leave it is printed on your ticket; and

you can use no door but that one。  Thus; crowding and confusion

are impossible。  Not so many as a hundred people use any one

door。  This is better than having the usual (and useless)

elaborate fireproof arrangements。  It is the model theater of the

world。  It can be emptied while the second hand of a watch makes

its circuit。  It would be entirely safe; even if it were built of

lucifer matches。



If your seat is near the center of a row and you enter late

you must work your way along a rank of about twenty…five ladies

and gentlemen to get to it。  Yet this causes no trouble; for

everybody stands up until all the seats are full; and the filling

is accomplished in a very few minutes。  Then all sit down; and

you have a solid mass of fifteen hundred heads; making a steep

cellar…door slant from the rear of the house down to the stage。



All the lights were turned low; so low that the congregation

sat in a deep and solemn gloom。  The funereal rustling of dresses

and the low buzz of conversation began to die swiftly down; and

presently not the ghost of a sound was left。  This profound and

increasingly impressive stillness endured for some timethe best

preparation for music; spectacle; or speech conceivable。  I should

think our show people would have invented or imported that simple

and impressive device for securing and solidifying the attention

of an audience long ago; instead of which there continue to this

day to open a performance against a deadly competition in the

form of noise; confusion; and a scattered interest。



Finally; out of darkness and distance and mystery soft rich

notes rose upon the stillness; and from his grave the dead

magician began to weave his spells about his disciples and steep

their souls in his enchantments。  There was something strangely

impressive in the fancy which kept intruding itself that the

composer was conscious in his grave of what was going on here;

and that these divine souls were the clothing of thoughts which

were at this moment passing through his brain; and not recognized

and familiar ones which had issued from it at some former time。



The entire overture; long as it was; was played to a dark

house with the curtain down。  It was exquisite; it was delicious。

But straightway thereafter; or course; came the singing; and it

does seem to me that nothing can make a Wagner opera absolutely

perfect and satisfactory to the untutored but to leave out the

vocal parts。  I wish I could see a Wagner opera done in pantomime

once。  Then one would have the lovely orchestration unvexed to

listen to and bathe his spirit in; and the bewildering beautiful

scenery to intoxicate his eyes with; and the dumb acting couldn't

mar these pleasures; because there isn't often anything in the

Wagner opera that one would call by such a violent name as

acting; as a rule all you would see would be a couple of silent

people; one of them standing still; the other catching flies。  Of

course I do not really mean that he would be catching flies; I

only mean that the usual operatic gestures which consist in

reaching first one hand out into the air and then the other might

suggest the sport I speak of if the operator attended strictly to

business and uttered no sound。



This present opera was 〃Parsifal。〃  Madame Wagner does not

permit its representation anywhere but in Bayreuth。  The first

act of the three occupied two hours; and I enjoyed that in spite

of the singing。



I trust that I know as well as anybody that

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