history of friedrich ii of prussia v 18-第65章
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missed Apraxin （to be tried by Court…Martial； he）； dismisses Bestuchef the Chancellor； appoints a new General； Fermor by name； orders Fermor to go and lose not a moment； now in the depth of Winter since it was not done in the crown of Summer； and take possession of East Preussen in her name。
Which Fermor does； 16th January； crosses the border again； 31；000 in all； without opposition except from the frost； plants himself up and down；only two poor Prussian battalions there； who retire； with their effects； especially 〃with seven wagons of money。〃 January 22d； Fermor enters Konigsberg； publishes no end of proclamations； manifestoes； rescripts； to inform the poor people； trembling at the Cossack atrocities of last Year； 〃That his august Sovereign Elizabeth of All the Russias has now become Proprietress of East Preussen； which shall be perfectly protected and exquisitely well…governed henceforth； and that all men of official or social position have； accordingly； to come and take the oath to her； with the due alacrity and punctuality； at their peril。〃
No man is willing for the operation； most men shudder at it； but who can help them？ Surely it was an unblessed operation。 Poor souls； one pities them； for at heart they were； and continued； loyal to their own King； thoroughly abhorrent of becoming Russian； as Czarish Majesty has thoroughly resolved they shall。 Some few absconded； leaving their property as spoil； the rest swore； with mental reservation； with shifts； such as they could devise：for example； some were observed to swear with gloves on； the right hand； which they held up； was a mere right FIST with a stuffed glove at the end of it；SO help me Beelzebub （or whoever is the recording Angel here）！ ＇ Helden…Geschichte； v。 141…149： Preuss； ii。 145； iii。 578； iv。 477； &c。＇ And thus does Preussen； with astonishment； as by the spell of a Czarina Circe； find itself changed suddenly to Russian： and does not recover the old human form till four years hence；when； again suddenly； as we shall see； the Circe and her wand chance to get broken。
Friedrich could not mend or prevent this bad Business； but was so disgusted with it； he never set foot in East Preussen again；never could bear to behold it； after such a transformation into temporary Russian shape。 I cannot say he abhorred this constrained Oath as I should have done： on the contrary； in the first spurt of indignation； he not only protested aloud； but made reprisals； 〃Swear ME those Saxons； then！〃 said he； and some poor magistrates of towns； and official people； had to make a figure of swearing （if not allegiance altogether； allegiance for the time being）； in the same sad fashion； till one's humor cooled again。 ＇Preuss； ii。 163： Oath given in Helden…Geschichte； v。 631。＇ East Preussen； lost in this way； held by its King as before； or more passionately now than ever； still loved Friedrich； say the Books； but it is Russia's for the present； and the mischief is done。 East Preussen itself； Circe Czarina cherishing it as her own； had a much peaceabler time： in secret it even sent moneys； recruits； numerous young volunteers to Friedrich； much more； hopes and prayers。 But his disgust with the late transformation by enchantment was inexpiable。
It was May or June； as had been anticipated； before the Russian main Army made its practical appearance in those parts。 Fermor had； in the interim； seized Thorn； seized Elbing （〃No offence； magnanimous Polacks； it is only for a time！〃）；and would fain have had Dantzig too； but Dantzig would n't。 Not till June 16th did the unwieldy mass （on paper 104；000； and in effect； and exclusive of Cossack rabble； about 75；000） get on way； and begin slowly staggering westward。 Very slowly； and amid incendiary fire and horrid cruelty； as heretofore；and in August coming we shall be sure to hear of it。
Lehwald was just finishing with the Swedes；had got them all bottled up in Stralsund again； about New…Year's time； when these Russians crossed into Preussen。 We said nothing of the Swedish so…called Campaign of last Year；and indeed are bound to be nearly silent of that and of all the others。 Five Campaigns of them； or at least Four and a half； such Campaigns as were never made before or since。 Of Campaign 1757； the memorable feature is； that of the whole 〃Swedish Division；〃 as the laughing Newspapers called it； which was 〃put to flight by five Berlin Postilions；〃substantially a truth； as follows：
〃Night of September 12th…13th； 1757； the Swedes； 22；000 strong； did at last begin business； crossed Peene River； the boundary between their Pommern and ours； and； having nothing but some fractions of Militia to oppose them； soon captured the Redoubts there； spread over Prussian Pommern； and on into the Uckermark； diligently raising contributions； to a heavy amount。 No less than 90；000 pounds in all for this poor Province； though； by a strange accident； 60；000 pounds proved to be the actual sum。
〃Towards the end of October they had got as much as 60；000 pounds from the northern parts of Uckermark； Prentzlow being their head… quarter during that operation； and they now sent out a Detachment of 200 grenadiers and 100 dragoons towards Zehdenick； another little Town； some forty miles farther south； there to wring out the remaining sum。 The Detachment marched by night； not courting notice； but people had heard of its coming； and five Prussian Postilions；shifty fellows； old hussars it may be； at any rate skilful on the trumpet； and furnished with hussar jackets and an old pistol each； determined to do something for their Country。 The Swedish Detachment had not marched many miles； when；after or before some flourishes of martial trumpeting；there verily fell on the Swedish flank； out of a clump of dark wood； five shots； and wounded one man。 To the astonishment and panic of the other two hundred and ninety…nine； who made instant retreat； under new shots and trumpet…tones； as if it were from five whole hussar regiments； retreat double…quick； to Prentzlow； alarm waxing by the speed； alarm spreading at Prentzlow itself： so that the whole Division got to its feet； recrossed the Peene； and Uckermark had nothing more to pay； for that bout！ This is not a fable； such as go in the Newspapers；〃 adds my Authority； 〃but an accurate fact：〃 ＇ Helden…Geschichte； iv。 764； 807； Archenholtz； i。 160。＇probably； in our day； the alone memorable one of that 〃Swedish War。〃
〃The French；〃 says another of my Notes； 〃who did the subsidying all round （who paid even the Russian Subsidy； though in Austria's name）； had always an idea that the Swedes22；000 stout men； this year； 4；000 of them cavalrymight be made to co…operate with the Russians； with them or with somebody； and do something effective in the way of destroying Friedrich。 And besides their subsidies and bribings； the French took incredible pains with this view； incessantly contriving； correspondencing； and running to and fro between the parties： ＇For example： M。 le Marquis de Montalembert； CORRESPONDANCE AVEC &c。； ETANT EMPLOYE PAR LE ROI DE FRANCE A L'ARMEE SUEDOISE； 1757…1761 （〃with the Swedish Army；〃 yes； and sometimes with the Russian；and sometimes on the French Coasts； ardently fortifying against Pitt and his Descents there：a very intelligent； industrious； observant man； still amusing to read； if one were idler）； A LONDRES （evidently Paris）； 1777； 3 vols。 small 8vo。 Then； likewise very intelligent； there is a Montazet； a Mortaigne； a Caulaiucourt； a CAMPAGNE DES RUSSES EN 1757； &c。 &c。； in short； a great deal of fine faculty employed there in spinning ropes from sand。＇ but had not； even from the Russians and Czarish Majesty； much of a result； and from the Swedes had absolutely none at all。 By French industry and flagitation； the Swedish Army was generally kept up to about 20；000： the soldiers were expert with their fighting…tools； knew their field…exercise well； had fine artillery； and were stout hardy fellows： but the guidance of them was wonderful。 'They had no field…commissariat；' says one Observer； 'no field…bakery； no magazines； no pontoons； no light troops； and；' among the Higher Officers； 'no subordination。' ＇Archenholtz； i。 158。＇ Were； in short； commanded by nobody in particul
