the mastery of the air(²Ù×Ý¿ÕÆø)-µÚ3ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡9¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡MASTERY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡AIR¡¡
King¡¡¡¡¡¡Louis¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡humblest¡¡¡¡¡¡subject¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Strange£»¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡not£»¡¡¡¡¡¡though¡¡
scores¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡millions¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡seen¡¡¡¡¡¡smoke¡¡¡¡¡¡rise£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡clouds¡¡¡¡¡¡float£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡
untold¡¡¡¡¡¡centuries£»¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡one£»¡¡¡¡¡¡until¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡close¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡eighteenth¡¡¡¡¡¡century£»¡¡
thought¡¡of¡¡making¡¡a¡¡balloon£¿¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡learned¡¡Franciscan¡¡friar£»¡¡Roger¡¡Bacon£»¡¡who¡¡lived¡¡in¡¡the¡¡thirteenth¡¡
century£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡possibility¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡producing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
contrivance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡float¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡£¡¡¡¡His¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡idea¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡earth's¡¡
atmosphere¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨true¡¡¡¡¡¡fluid¡¨£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡upper¡¡¡¡¡¡surface¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
ocean¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡quite¡¡¡¡¡¡believed¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡upper¡¡¡¡¡¡surfacesubject£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡
belief£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡waves¡¡¡¡¡¡similar¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡seaan¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡ship¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡float¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡
once¡¡succeeded¡¡in¡¡rising¡¡to¡¡the¡¡required¡¡height¡£¡¡But¡¡the¡¡difficulty¡¡was¡¡to¡¡
reach¡¡the¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡this¡¡aerial¡¡sea¡£¡¡To¡¡do¡¡this¡¡he¡¡proposed¡¡to¡¡make¡¡a¡¡large¡¡
hollow¡¡globe¡¡of¡¡metal£»¡¡wrought¡¡as¡¡thin¡¡as¡¡the¡¡skill¡¡of¡¡man¡¡could¡¡make¡¡it£»¡¡
so¡¡that¡¡it¡¡might¡¡be¡¡as¡¡light¡¡as¡¡possible£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡vast¡¡globe¡¡was¡¡to¡¡be¡¡filled¡¡
with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨liquid¡¡¡¡¡¡fire¡¨¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Just¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨liquid¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fire¡¨¡¡¡¡was£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡attempt¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
explain£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡doubtful¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡Bacon¡¡¡¡¡¡himself¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡clear¡¡¡¡¡¡idea¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡
doubtless¡¡¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡gaseous¡¡¡¡¡¡substance¡¡¡¡lighter¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡air£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡
would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡seem¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡have£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡least£»¡¡¡¡¡¡hit¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡principle¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡underlying¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
construction¡¡of¡¡the¡¡modern¡¡balloon¡£¡¡Roger¡¡Bacon¡¡had¡¡ideas¡¡far¡¡in¡¡advance¡¡
of¡¡his¡¡time£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡experiments¡¡made¡¡such¡¡an¡¡impression¡¡of¡¡wonder¡¡on¡¡
the¡¡popular¡¡mind¡¡that¡¡they¡¡were¡¡believed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡wrought¡¡by¡¡black¡¡magic£»¡¡
and¡¡the¡¡worthy¡¡monk¡¡was¡¡classed¡¡among¡¡those¡¡who¡¡were¡¡supposed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡
in¡¡league¡¡with¡¡Satan¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡9¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡10¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡MASTERY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡AIR¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CHAPTER¡¡III¡¡The¡¡First¡¡Man¡¡to¡¡Ascend¡¡in¡¡a¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Balloon¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡safe¡¡descent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡three¡¡animals£»¡¡which¡¡has¡¡already¡¡been¡¡related£»¡¡
showed¡¡the¡¡way¡¡for¡¡man¡¡to¡¡venture¡¡up¡¡in¡¡a¡¡balloon¡£¡¡In¡¡our¡¡time¡¡we¡¡marvel¡¡
at¡¡the¡¡daring¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡modern¡¡airmen£»¡¡¡¡who¡¡ascend¡¡¡¡to¡¡giddy¡¡heights£»¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡
were£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡engage¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡mortal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡combat¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡demons¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡£¡¡¡¡But£»¡¡
courageous¡¡though¡¡these¡¡deeds¡¡are£»¡¡they¡¡are¡¡not¡¡more¡¡so¡¡than¡¡those¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
pioneers¡¡of¡¡ballooning¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡eighteenth¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡century¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡known¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡definitely¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡
conditions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡upper¡¡regions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡air£»¡¡where£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡no¡¡human¡¡being¡¡
had¡¡ever¡¡been£»¡¡and¡¡though¡¡the¡¡frail¡¡Montgolfier¡¡balloons¡¡had¡¡ascended¡¡and¡¡
descended¡¡with¡¡no¡¡outward¡¡happenings£»¡¡yet¡¡none¡¡could¡¡tell¡¡what¡¡might¡¡be¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡risk¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡committing¡¡¡¡¡¡oneself¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡ascent¡£¡¡There¡¡¡¡¡¡was£»¡¡¡¡too£»¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡
special¡¡¡¡¡¡danger¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡making¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡ascent¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡hot¡air¡¡¡¡¡¡balloon¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Underneath¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
huge¡¡envelope¡¡was¡¡suspended¡¡a¡¡brazier£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡the¡¡fabric¡¡of¡¡the¡¡balloon¡¡
was¡¡in¡¡great¡¡danger¡¡of¡¡catching¡¡fire¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡at¡¡first¡¡suggested¡¡that¡¡two¡¡French¡¡criminals¡¡under¡¡sentence¡¡of¡¡
death¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡sent¡¡¡¡¡¡up£»¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡if¡¡they¡¡¡¡made¡¡a¡¡¡¡safe¡¡descent£»¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡way¡¡
would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡open¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡aeronauts¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡venture¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡aloft¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡everyone¡¡
interested¡¡in¡¡aeronautics¡¡in¡¡those¡¡days¡¡saw¡¡that¡¡the¡¡man¡¡who¡¡first¡¡traversed¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡unexplored¡¡¡¡¡¡regions¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡held¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡high¡¡¡¡¡¡honour£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡
seemed¡¡hardly¡¡right¡¡that¡¡this¡¡honour¡¡should¡¡fall¡¡to¡¡criminals¡£¡¡At¡¡any¡¡rate¡¡
this¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡view¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡M¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Pilatre¡¡¡¡¡¡de¡¡¡¡¡¡Rozier£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡French¡¡¡¡¡¡gentleman£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡
determined¡¡himself¡¡to¡¡make¡¡the¡¡pioneer¡¡ascent¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡De¡¡Rozier¡¡had¡¡no¡¡false¡¡notion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡risks¡¡he¡¡was¡¡prepared¡¡to¡¡run£»¡¡and¡¡
he¡¡superintended¡¡with¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡care¡¡the¡¡construction¡¡of¡¡his¡¡balloon¡£¡¡It¡¡
was¡¡of¡¡enormous¡¡size£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡cage¡¡slung¡¡underneath¡¡the¡¡brazier¡¡for¡¡heating¡¡
the¡¡air¡£¡¡Befors¡¡making¡¡his¡¡free¡¡ascent¡¡De¡¡Rozier¡¡made¡¡a¡¡trial¡¡ascent¡¡with¡¡
the¡¡balloon¡¡held¡¡captive¡¡by¡¡a¡¡long¡¡rope¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡At¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡length£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡November£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1783£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡accompanied¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Marquis¡¡
d'Arlandes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡passenger£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡determined¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡venture¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡experiment¡¡
aroused¡¡¡¡¡¡immense¡¡¡¡¡¡excitement¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡France£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡large¡¡¡¡¡¡concourse¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡10¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡11¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡MASTERY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡AIR¡¡
people¡¡were¡¡gathered¡¡together¡¡on¡¡the¡¡outskirts¡¡of¡¡Paris¡¡to¡¡witness¡¡the¡¡risky¡¡
feat¡£¡¡The¡¡balloon¡¡made¡¡a¡¡perfect¡¡ascent£»¡¡and¡¡quickly¡¡reached¡¡a¡¡height¡¡of¡¡
about¡¡¡¡¡¡half¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡mile¡¡¡¡¡¡above¡¡¡¡¡¡sea¡level¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡strong¡¡¡¡¡¡current¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡upper¡¡
regions¡¡caused¡¡the¡¡balloon¡¡to¡¡take¡¡an¡¡opposite¡¡direction¡¡from¡¡that¡¡intended£»¡¡
and¡¡the¡¡aeronauts¡¡drifted¡¡right¡¡over¡¡Paris¡£¡¡It¡¡would¡¡have¡¡gone¡¡hard¡¡with¡¡
them¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡forced¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡descend¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡city£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡craft¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡
driven¡¡by¡¡the¡¡wind¡¡to¡¡some¡¡distance¡¡beyond¡¡the¡¡suburbs¡¡and¡¡they¡¡alighted¡¡
quite¡¡safely¡¡about¡¡six¡¡miles¡¡from¡¡their¡¡starting¡point£»¡¡after¡¡having¡¡been¡¡up¡¡
in¡¡the¡¡air¡¡for¡¡about¡¡half¡¡an¡¡hour¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Their¡¡voyage£»¡¡however£»¡¡had¡¡by¡¡no¡¡means¡¡been¡¡free¡¡from¡¡anxiety¡£¡¡We¡¡
are¡¡told¡¡that¡¡the¡¡fabric¡¡of¡¡the¡¡balloon¡¡repeatedly¡¡caught¡¡fire£»¡¡which¡¡it¡¡took¡¡
the¡¡aeronauts¡¡all¡¡their¡¡time¡¡to¡¡extinguish¡£¡¡At¡¡times£»¡¡too£»¡¡they¡¡came¡¡down¡¡
perilously¡¡near¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Seine£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡the¡¡housetops¡¡of¡¡Paris£»¡¡but¡¡after¡¡the¡¡most¡¡
exciting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡half¡hour¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡lives¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡
Mother¡¡Earth¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Here¡¡we¡¡must¡¡make¡¡a¡¡slight¡¡digression¡¡and¡¡speak¡¡of¡¡the¡¡invention¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hydrogen£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡gas£»¡¡¡¡¡¡balloon¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡previous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡chapter¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡read¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡
discovery¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡hydrogen¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gas¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡Henry¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Cavendish£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡subsequent¡¡
experiments¡¡with¡¡this¡¡gas¡¡by¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Black£»¡¡of¡¡Glasgow¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡soon¡¡decided¡¡
to¡¡¡¡¡¡try¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡inflate¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡balloon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¨inflammable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡¨as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡newly¡¡¡
discovered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gas¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡calledand¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡end¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡view¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡large¡¡¡¡¡¡public¡¡
subscription¡¡was¡¡raised¡¡in¡¡France¡¡to¡¡meet¡¡the¡¡heavy¡¡expenses¡¡entailed¡¡in¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡venture¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡entrusted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡French¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡scientist£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Professor¡¡
Charles£»¡¡and¡¡two¡¡brothers¡¡named¡¡Robert¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡quickly¡¡seen¡¡that¡¡paper£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡was¡¡used¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Montgolfiers£»¡¡
was¡¡of¡¡little¡¡use¡¡in¡¡the¡¡construction¡¡of¡¡a¡¡gas¡¡balloon£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡gas¡¡escaped¡£¡¡
Accordingly¡¡the¡¡fabric¡¡was¡¡made¡¡of¡¡silk¡¡and¡¡varnished¡¡with¡¡a¡¡solution¡¡of¡¡
india¡rubber¡¡and¡¡turpentine¡£¡¡The¡¡first¡¡hydrogen¡¡balloon¡¡was¡¡only¡¡about¡¡13¡¡
feet¡¡in¡¡diameter£»¡¡for¡¡in¡¡those¡¡early¡¡days¡¡the¡¡method¡¡of¡¡preparing¡¡hydrogen¡¡
was¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡laborious¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡costly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡constructors¡¡¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡advisable¡¡
not¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡spend¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡money¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡initial¡¡¡¡¡¡experiments£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡case¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡
should¡¡be¡¡a¡¡failure¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡August£»¡¡¡¡¡¡1783an¡¡¡¡¡¡eventful¡¡¡¡¡¡year¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡history¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡aeronautics¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
first¡¡¡¡¡¡gas¡inflated¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡balloon¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sent¡¡¡¡¡¡up£»¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡course¡¡¡¡¡¡unaccompanied¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡11¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡12¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡MASTERY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡AIR¡¡
passenger¡£¡¡It¡¡shot¡¡up¡¡high¡¡in¡¡the¡¡air¡¡much¡¡more¡¡rapidly¡¡than¡¡Montgolfier's¡¡
hot¡air¡¡balloon¡¡had¡¡done£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡soon¡¡beyond¡¡the¡¡clouds¡£¡¡After¡¡a¡¡voyage¡¡
of¡¡nearly¡¡an¡¡hour's¡¡duration¡¡it¡¡descended¡¡in¡¡a¡¡field¡¡some¡¡15¡¡miles¡¡away¡£¡¡
We¡¡are¡¡told¡¡that¡¡some¡¡peasants¡¡at¡¡work¡¡near¡¡by¡¡fled¡¡in¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡alarm¡¡at¡¡
this¡¡strange¡¡monster¡¡which¡¡settled¡¡in¡¡their¡¡midst¡£¡¡An¡¡old¡¡print¡¡shows¡¡them¡¡
cautiously¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡approaching¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡balloon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡lay¡¡¡¡heaving¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡ground£»¡¡
stabbing¡¡it¡¡with¡¡pitchforks£»¡¡and¡¡beating¡¡it¡¡with¡¡flails¡¡and¡¡sticks¡£¡¡The¡¡story¡¡
goes¡¡that¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡alarmed¡¡f