±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > theologico-political treatise p4(ÉñѧÓëÕþÖÎרÌâÑо¿4) >

µÚ23ÕÂ

theologico-political treatise p4(ÉñѧÓëÕþÖÎרÌâÑо¿4)-µÚ23ÕÂ


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




granted£»¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡live¡¡¡¡¡¡together¡¡in¡¡harmony£»¡¡¡¡¡¡however¡¡¡¡¡¡diverse£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡

even¡¡¡¡¡¡openly¡¡¡¡¡¡contradictory¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡opinions¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨59£©¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡doubt¡¡

that¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡best¡¡¡¡¡¡system¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡government¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡open¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fewest¡¡

objections£»¡¡since¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡one¡¡most¡¡in¡¡harmony¡¡with¡¡human¡¡nature¡£¡¡£¨60£©¡¡In¡¡

a¡¡democracy¡¡£¨the¡¡most¡¡natural¡¡form¡¡of¡¡government£»¡¡as¡¡we¡¡have¡¡shown¡¡in¡¡

Chapter¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡XVI¡££©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡everyone¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡submits¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡control¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡authority¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

actions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡judgment¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡reason£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡is£»¡¡¡¡¡¡seeing¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡

cannot¡¡think¡¡alike£»¡¡the¡¡voice¡¡of¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡has¡¡the¡¡force¡¡of¡¡law£»¡¡subject¡¡to¡¡

repeal¡¡if¡¡circumstances¡¡bring¡¡about¡¡a¡¡change¡¡of¡¡opinion¡£¡¡£¨61£©¡¡In¡¡proportion¡¡

as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡free¡¡¡¡¡¡judgment¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡withheld¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡depart¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡natural¡¡

condition¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡mankind£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡consequently¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡government¡¡¡¡¡¡becomes¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡

tyrannical¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§20£º4£§¡¡£¨62£©¡¡In¡¡order¡¡to¡¡prove¡¡that¡¡from¡¡such¡¡freedom¡¡no¡¡inconvenience¡¡

arises£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡easily¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡checked¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡exercise¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sovereign¡¡

power£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡men's¡¡actions¡¡can¡¡easily¡¡be¡¡kept¡¡in¡¡bounds£»¡¡though¡¡their¡¡

opinions¡¡be¡¡at¡¡open¡¡variance£»¡¡it¡¡will¡¡be¡¡well¡¡to¡¡cite¡¡an¡¡example¡£¡¡£¨63£©¡¡Such¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡64¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡65¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡­Political¡¡Treatise¡¡



an¡¡one¡¡is¡¡not¡¡very£»¡¡far¡¡to¡¡seek¡£¡¡£¨64£©¡¡The¡¡city¡¡of¡¡Amsterdam¡¡reaps¡¡the¡¡fruit¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡freedom¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡prosperity¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡admiration¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡

other¡¡people¡£¡¡£¨65£©¡¡For¡¡in¡¡this¡¡most¡¡flourishing¡¡state£»¡¡and¡¡most¡¡splendid¡¡city£»¡¡

men¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡every£»¡¡¡¡¡¡nation¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡religion¡¡¡¡¡¡live¡¡¡¡¡¡together¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡greatest¡¡¡¡¡¡harmony£»¡¡

and¡¡ask¡¡no¡¡questions¡¡before¡¡trusting¡¡their¡¡goods¡¡to¡¡a¡¡fellow¡­¡¡citizen£»¡¡save¡¡

whether¡¡he¡¡be¡¡rich¡¡or¡¡poor£»¡¡and¡¡whether¡¡he¡¡generally¡¡acts¡¡honestly£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡

reverse¡£¡¡£¨66£©¡¡His¡¡religion¡¡and¡¡sect¡¡is¡¡considered¡¡of¡¡no¡¡importance£º¡¡for¡¡it¡¡

has¡¡no¡¡effect¡¡before¡¡the¡¡judges¡¡in¡¡gaining¡¡or¡¡losing¡¡a¡¡cause£»¡¡and¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡

sect¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡despised¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡followers£»¡¡¡¡provided¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡harm¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡one£»¡¡¡¡¡¡pay¡¡

every¡¡man¡¡his¡¡due£»¡¡and¡¡live¡¡uprightly£»¡¡are¡¡deprived¡¡of¡¡the¡¡protection¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

magisterial¡¡authority¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨20£º67£©¡¡¡¡¡¡On¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡hand£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡religious¡¡¡¡¡¡controversy¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡

Remonstrants¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Counter¡­Remonstrants¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡began¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡taken¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

politicians¡¡and¡¡the¡¡States£»¡¡it¡¡grew¡¡into¡¡a¡¡schism£»¡¡and¡¡abundantly¡¡showed¡¡

that¡¡laws¡¡dealing¡¡with¡¡religion¡¡and¡¡seeking¡¡to¡¡settle¡¡its¡¡controversies¡¡are¡¡

much¡¡more¡¡calculated¡¡to¡¡irritate¡¡than¡¡to¡¡reform£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡they¡¡give¡¡rise¡¡to¡¡

extreme¡¡licence£º¡¡further£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡seen¡¡that¡¡schisms¡¡do¡¡not¡¡originate¡¡in¡¡a¡¡love¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡truth£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡source¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡courtesy¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡gentleness£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡

inordinate¡¡¡¡¡¡desire¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡supremacy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨68£©¡¡¡¡¡¡From¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡considerations¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

clearer¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sun¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡noonday£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡¡¡¡¡schismatics¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡

condemn¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡men's¡¡¡¡¡¡writings£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡seditiously¡¡¡¡¡¡stir¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡quarrelsome¡¡

masses¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡authors£»¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡authors¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡

generally¡¡write¡¡only¡¡for¡¡the¡¡learned£»¡¡and¡¡appeal¡¡solely¡¡to¡¡reason¡£¡¡£¨69£©¡¡In¡¡

fact£»¡¡the¡¡real¡¡disturbers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡peace¡¡are¡¡those¡¡who£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡free¡¡state£»¡¡seek¡¡to¡¡

curtail¡¡the¡¡liberty¡¡of¡¡judgment¡¡which¡¡they¡¡are¡¡unable¡¡to¡¡tyrannize¡¡over¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨20£º70£©¡¡I¡¡have¡¡thus¡¡shown£º¡­¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨71£©¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡impossible¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡deprive¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡liberty¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡saying¡¡

what¡¡they¡¡think¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨72£©¡¡II¡£¡¡That¡¡such¡¡liberty¡¡can¡¡be¡¡conceded¡¡to¡¡every¡¡man¡¡without¡¡injury¡¡

to¡¡the¡¡rights¡¡and¡¡authority¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡¡power£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡every¡¡man¡¡may¡¡

retain¡¡it¡¡without¡¡injury¡¡to¡¡such¡¡rights£»¡¡provided¡¡that¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not¡¡presume¡¡

upon¡¡it¡¡to¡¡the¡¡extent¡¡of¡¡introducing¡¡any¡¡new¡¡rights¡¡into¡¡the¡¡state£»¡¡or¡¡acting¡¡

in¡¡any¡¡way¡¡contrary£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡existing¡¡laws¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨20£º73£©¡¡III¡£¡¡That¡¡every¡¡man¡¡may¡¡enjoy¡¡this¡¡liberty¡¡without¡¡detriment¡¡to¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡65¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡66¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡­Political¡¡Treatise¡¡



the¡¡public¡¡peace£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡no¡¡inconveniences¡¡arise¡¡therefrom¡¡which¡¡cannot¡¡

easily¡¡be¡¡checked¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨74£©¡¡IV¡£¡¡That¡¡every¡¡man¡¡may¡¡enjoy¡¡it¡¡without¡¡injury¡¡to¡¡his¡¡allegiance¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨75£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡V¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡laws¡¡¡¡¡¡dealing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡speculative¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡problems¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡entirely¡¡

useless¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨76£©¡¡¡¡¡¡VI¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Lastly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡liberty¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡granted¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡

prejudice¡¡to¡¡the¡¡public¡¡peace£»¡¡to¡¡loyalty£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡the¡¡rights¡¡of¡¡rulers£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡

it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡necessary£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡preservation¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨77£©¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡try¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

take¡¡it¡¡away£»¡¡and¡¡bring¡¡to¡¡trial£»¡¡not¡¡only¡¡the¡¡acts¡¡which¡¡alone¡¡are¡¡capable¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡offending£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡opinions¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡mankind£»¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡succeed¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

surrounding¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡victims¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡appearance¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡martyrdom£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡raise¡¡

feelings¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡pity¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡revenge¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡terror¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨78£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Uprightness¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

good¡¡¡¡¡¡faith¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡thus¡¡¡¡¡¡corrupted£»¡¡¡¡¡¡flatterers¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡traitors¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡encouraged£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

sectarians¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡triumph£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡inasmuch¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡concessions¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡their¡¡

animosity£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡gained¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡state¡¡¡¡¡¡sanction¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡doctrines¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

which¡¡they¡¡are¡¡the¡¡interpreters¡£¡¡£¨79£©¡¡Hence¡¡they¡¡arrogate¡¡to¡¡themselves¡¡the¡¡

state¡¡authority¡¡and¡¡rights£»¡¡and¡¡do¡¡not¡¡scruple¡¡to¡¡assert¡¡that¡¡they¡¡have¡¡been¡¡

directly¡¡chosen¡¡by¡¡God£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡their¡¡laws¡¡are¡¡Divine£»¡¡whereas¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡

of¡¡the¡¡state¡¡are¡¡human£»¡¡and¡¡should¡¡therefore¡¡yield¡¡obedience¡¡to¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡

God¡¡¡­¡¡in¡¡other¡¡words£»¡¡to¡¡their¡¡own¡¡laws¡£¡¡£¨80£©¡¡Everyone¡¡must¡¡see¡¡that¡¡this¡¡

is¡¡not¡¡a¡¡state¡¡of¡¡affairs¡¡conducive¡¡to¡¡public¡¡welfare¡£¡¡£¨81£©¡¡Wherefore£»¡¡as¡¡we¡¡

have¡¡shown¡¡in¡¡Chapter¡¡XVIII¡££»¡¡the¡¡safest¡¡way¡¡for¡¡a¡¡state¡¡is¡¡to¡¡lay¡¡down¡¡the¡¡

rule¡¡that¡¡religion¡¡is¡¡comprised¡¡solely¡¡in¡¡the¡¡exercise¡¡of¡¡charity¡¡and¡¡justice£»¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡rights¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡rulers¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡sacred£»¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡secular¡¡¡¡¡¡matters£»¡¡

should¡¡¡¡¡¡merely¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡actions£»¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡think¡¡

what¡¡he¡¡likes¡¡and¡¡say¡¡what¡¡he¡¡thinks¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨20£º82£©¡¡I¡¡have¡¡thus¡¡fulfilled¡¡the¡¡task¡¡I¡¡set¡¡myself¡¡in¡¡this¡¡treatise¡£¡¡£§20£º5£§¡¡

£¨83£©¡¡It¡¡remains¡¡only¡¡to¡¡call¡¡attention¡¡to¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡I¡¡have¡¡written¡¡nothing¡¡

which¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡most¡¡willingly¡¡submit¡¡to¡¡the¡¡examination¡¡and¡¡approval¡¡of¡¡

my¡¡country's¡¡rulers£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡I¡¡am¡¡willing¡¡to¡¡retract¡¡anything¡¡which¡¡they¡¡

shall¡¡decide¡¡to¡¡be¡¡repugnant¡¡to¡¡the¡¡laws£»¡¡or¡¡prejudicial¡¡to¡¡the¡¡public¡¡good¡£¡¡

£¨84£©¡¡I¡¡know¡¡that¡¡I¡¡am¡¡a¡¡man£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡a¡¡man¡¡liable¡¡to¡¡error£»¡¡but¡¡against¡¡error¡¡

I¡¡have¡¡taken¡¡scrupulous¡¡care£»¡¡and¡¡have¡¡striven¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡in¡¡entire¡¡accordance¡¡

with¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡my¡¡country£»¡¡with¡¡loyalty£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡morality¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡66¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡67¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡­Political¡¡Treatise¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡End¡¡of¡¡Part¡¡4¡¡of¡¡4¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡AUTHOR'S¡¡ENDNOTES¡¡TO¡¡THE¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THEOLOGICO¡­POLITICAL¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡TREATISE¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Chapter¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡XVI¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§Endnote¡¡¡¡¡¡26£§¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨No¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡honestly¡¡¡¡¡¡promise¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡forego¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡right¡¡

which¡¡he¡¡has¡¡over¡¡all¡¡things¡£¡¨¡¡£¨2£©¡¡In¡¡the¡¡state¡¡of¡¡social¡¡life£»¡¡where¡¡general¡¡

right¡¡determines¡¡what¡¡is¡¡good¡¡or¡¡evil£»¡¡stratagem¡¡is¡¡rightly¡¡distinguished¡¡as¡¡

of¡¡two¡¡kinds£»¡¡good¡¡and¡¡evil¡£¡¡£¨3£©¡¡But¡¡in¡¡the¡¡state¡¡of¡¡Nature£»¡¡where¡¡every¡¡

man¡¡is¡¡his¡¡own¡¡judge£»¡¡possessing¡¡the¡¡absolute¡¡right¡¡to¡¡lay¡¡down¡¡laws¡¡for¡¡

himself£»¡¡to¡¡interpret¡¡them¡¡as¡¡he¡¡pleases£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡abrogate¡¡them¡¡if¡¡he¡¡thinks¡¡it¡¡

convenient£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡conceivable¡¡that¡¡stratagem¡¡should¡¡be¡¡evil¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§Endnote¡¡27£§¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Every¡¡¡¡¡¡member¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡may£»¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡will£»¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡free¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨2£©¡¡

Whatever¡¡be¡¡the¡¡social¡¡state¡¡a¡¡man¡¡finds£»¡¡himself¡¡in£»¡¡he¡¡may¡¡be¡¡free¡£¡¡£¨3£©¡¡

For¡¡certainly¡¡a¡¡man¡¡is¡¡free£»¡¡in¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡he¡¡is¡¡led¡¡by¡¡reason¡£¡¡£¨4£©¡¡Now¡¡reason¡¡

£¨though¡¡Hobbes¡¡thinks¡¡

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ