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第75章

the origins of contemporary france-2-第75章

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heads; their health; and more besides。  One 〃old trooper; who had

been over fifty years in the service; died on the way home; used up

with cordials and excess of pleasure。〃 In short; the joy is

excessive; as it should be on the great day when the wish of an

entire century is accomplished。 … Behold ideal felicity; as

displayed in the books and illustrations of the time! The natural

man buried underneath an artificial civilization is disinterred; and

again appears as in early days; as in Tahiti; as in philosophic and

literary pastorals; as in bucolic and mythological operas;

confiding; affectionate; and happy。  〃The sight of all these beings

again restored to the sweet sentiments of primitive brotherhood is

an exquisite delight almost too great for the soul to support;〃 and

the Frenchman; more light…hearted and far more childlike than he is

to…day; gives himself up unrestrainedly to his social; sympathetic;

and generous instincts。 Whatever the imagination of the day offers

him to increase his emotions; all the classical; rhetorical; and

dramatic material at his command; are employed for the embellishment

of his festival。  Already wildly enthusiastic; he is anxious to

increase his enthusiasm。 … At Lyons; the fifty thousand confederates

from the south range themselves in line of battle around an

artificial rock; fifty feet high; covered with shrubs; and

surmounted by a Temple of Concord in which stands a huge statue of

Liberty; the steps of the rock are decked with flags; and a solemn

mass precedes the administration of the oath。 … At Paris; an alter

dedicated to the nation is erected in the middle of the Champ de

Mars; which is transformed into a colossal circus。  The regular

troops and the federations of the departments stand in position

around it; the King being in front with the Queen and the dauphin;

while near them are the princes and princesses in a gallery; and the

members of the National Assembly in an amphitheater; two hundred

priests; draped in their albs and with tricolored belts; officiate

around Talleyrand; Bishop of Autun; three hundred drums and twelve

hundred musicians all play at once; forty piece of cannon are

discharged at one volley; and four hundred thousand cheers go up as

if from one threat。  Never was such an effort made to intoxicate the

senses and strain the nerves beyond their powers of endurance! … The

moral machine is made to vibrate to the same and even to a greater

extent。  For more than a year past; harangues; proclamations;

addresses; newspapers and events have daily added one degree more to

the pressure。  On this occasion; thousands of speeches; multiplied

by myriads of newspapers; carry the enthusiasm to the highest pitch。

Declamation foams and rolls along in a steady stream of rhetoric

everywhere throughout France。'7'  In this state of excitement the

difference between magniloquence and sincerity; between the false

and the true; between show and substance; is no longer

distinguishable。  The Federation becomes an opera which is seriously

played in the open street … children have parts assigned them in it;

it occurs to no one that they are puppets; and that the words taken

for an expression of the heart are simply memorized speeches that

have been put into their mouths。  At Besan?on; on the return of the

confederates; hundreds of 〃youthful citizens〃 from twelve to

fourteen years of age;'8' in the national uniform; 〃with sword in

hand;〃 march up to the standard of Liberty。  Three little girls from

eleven to thirteen years old and two little boy of nine years each

pronounce 〃a discourse full of fire and breathing nothing but

patriotism;〃 after which; a young lady of fourteen; raising her

voice and pointing to the flag; harangues in turn the crowd; the

deputies; the National Guard; the mayor; and the commander of the

troops; the scene ending with a ball。  This is the universal finale

… men and women; children and adults; common people and men of the

world; chiefs and subordinates; all; everywhere; frisk about as in

the last act of a pastoral drama。  At Paris; … writes an eye…

witness; 〃I saw chevaliers of Saint…Louis and chaplains dancing in

the street with people belonging to their department。〃'9'  At the

Champ de Mars; on the day of the Federation; notwithstanding that

rain was falling in torrents; 〃the first arrivals began to dance;

and those who came after them; joining in; formed a circle which

soon spread over a portion of the Champ de Mars。  。  。  。Three

hundred thousand spectators kept time with their hands。〃 On the

following days dancing is kept up on the Champ de Mars and in the

streets; and there is drinking and carousing; 〃there was a ball with

refreshments at the Corn…Exchange; and on the site of the Bastille。〃

… At Tours; where fifty…two detachments from the neighboring

provinces are collected; about four o'clock in the afternoon;'10'

through an irresistible outburst of insane gaiety; 〃the officers;

inferior officers; and soldiers; pell…mell; race through the

streets; some with saber in hand and others dancing and shouting

'Vive le Roi!' 'Vive la Nation!' flinging up their hats and

compelling every one they met to join in the dance。  One of the

canons of the cathedral; who happens to be passing quietly along;

has a grenadier's cap put on his head;〃 and is dragged into the

circle; and after him two monks; 〃they are often embraced;〃 and then

allowed to depart。  The carriages of the mayor and the Marquise de

Montausier arrive; people mount up behind; get inside; and seat

themselves in front; as many as can find room; and force the

coachmen to parade through the principal streets in this fashion。

There is no malice in it; nothing but sport and the overflow of

spirits。  〃Nobody was maltreated or insulted; although almost every

one was drunk。〃 … Nevertheless; there is one bad symptom:  the

soldiers of the Anjou regiment leave their barracks the following

day and 〃pass the whole night abroad; no one being able to hinder

them。〃 And there is another of still graver aspect; at Orleans;

after the companies of the National Militia had danced on the square

in the evening; 〃a large number of volunteers marched in procession

through the town with drums; shouting out with all their might that

the aristocracy must be destroyed; and that priests and aristocrats

should be strung up to the lamp post。  They enter a suspected

coffee…house; drive out the inmates with insults; lay hands on a

gentleman who is supposed not to have cried out as correctly and as

lustily as themselves; and come near to hanging him。'11'  …  Such is

the fruit of the philosophy and the attitudes of the eighteenth

century。  Men believed that; for the organization of a perfect

society and the permanent establishment of freedom; justice; and

happiness on earth; an inspiration of sentiments and an act of the

will would suffice。  The inspiration came and the act was fulfilled;

they have been carried away; delighted; affected and out of their

minds。  Now comes the reaction; when they have to fall back upon

themselves。  The effort has succeeded in accomplishing all that it

could accomplish; namely; a deluge of emotional demonstrations and

slogans; a verbal and not a real contract ostentatious fraternity

skin…deep; a well…meaning masquerade; an outpouring of feeling

evaporating through its own pageantry … in short; an agreeable

carnival of a day's duration。



The reason is that in the human mind there are two strata。  One

superficial; of which men are conscious; the other deep down; of

which they are unconscious。'12'  The former unstable and vacillating

like shifting sand; the latter stable and fixed like a solid rock;

to which their caprices and agitation never descend。  The latter

alone determines the general inclination of the soil; the main

current of human activity necessarily following the bent thus

prepared for it。 … Certainly embraces have been interchanged and

oaths have been take

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