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第33章

the origins of contemporary france-2-第33章

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their ranks; however; will be reinforced by a number of men

disguised as women。  On looking closely at them they are easily

recognized; notwithstanding their rouge; by their badly…shaven

beards; and by their voices and gait。'31'  No difficulty has been

found in obtaining men and women among the prostitutes of the

Palais…Royal and the military deserters who serve them as bullies。

It is probable that the former lent their lovers the cast…off

dresses they had to spare。  At night all will meet again at the

common rendezvous; on the benches of the National Assembly; where

they are quite as much at home as in their own houses。'32'  In any

event; the first band which marches out is of this stamp; displaying

the finery and the gaiety of the profession; 〃most of them young;

dressed in white; with powdered hair and a sprightly air;〃 many of

them 〃laughing; singing; and drinking;〃 as they would do at setting

out for a picnic in the country。  Three or four of them are known by

name  one brandishing a sword; and another; the notorious

Théroigne。  Madeleine Chabry Louison; who is selected to address the

King; is a pretty grisette who sells flowers; and; no doubt;

something else; at the Palais…Royal。  Some appear to belong to the

first rank in their calling; and to have tact and the manners of

society  suppose; for instance; that Champfort and Laclos sent

their mistresses。  To these must be added washerwomen; beggars;

bare…footed women; and fishwomen; enlisted for several days before

and paid accordingly。  This is the first nucleus; and it keeps on

growing; for; by compulsion or consent; the troop incorporates into

it; as it passes along; all the women it encounters  seamstresses;

portresses; housekeepers; and even respectable females; whose

dwellings are entered with threats of cutting off their hair if they

do not fall in。  To these must be added vagrants; street…rovers;

ruffians and robbers  the lees of Paris; which accumulate and come

to the surface every time agitation occurs: they are to be found

already at the first hour; behind the troop of women at the H?tel…

de…Ville。  Others are to follow during the evening and in the night。

Others are waiting at Versailles。  Many; both at Paris and

Versailles; are under pay: one; in a dirty whitish vest; chinks gold

and silver coin in his hand。   Such is the foul scum which; both

in front and in the rear; rolls along with the popular tide;

whatever is done to stem the torrent; it widens out and will leave

its mark at every stage of its overflow。



The first troop; consisting of four or five hundred women; begin

operations by forcing the guard of the H?tel…de…Ville; which is

unwilling to make use of its bayonets。  They spread through the

rooms and try to burn all the written documents they can find;

declaring that there has been nothing but scribbling since the

Revolution began。'33'  A crowd of men follow after them; bursting

open doors; and pillaging the magazine of arms。  Two hundred

thousand francs in Treasury notes are stolen or disappear; several

of the ruffians set fire to the building; while others hang an abbé。

The abbé is cut down; and the fire extinguished only just in time:

such are the interludes of the popular drama。  In the meantime; the

crowd of women increases on the Place de Grève; always with the same

unceasing cry; 〃Bread!〃 and 〃To Versailles!〃 One of the conquerors

of the Bastille; the usher Maillard; offers himself as a leader。  He

is accepted; and taps his drum; on leaving Paris; he has seven or

eight thousand women with him; and; in addition; some hundreds of

men ; by dint of remonstrances; he succeeds in maintaining some kind

of order amongst this rabble as far as Versailles。   But it is a

rabble notwithstanding; and consequently so much brute force; at

once anarchical and imperious。  On the one hand; each; and the worst

among them; does what he pleases  which will be quite evident this

very evening。  On the other hand; its ponderous mass crushes all

authority and overrides all rules and regulations  which is at

once apparent on reaching Versailles。   Admitted into the

Assembly; at first in small numbers; the women crowd against the

door; push in with a rush; fill the galleries; then the hall; the

men along with them; armed with clubs; halberds; and pikes; all

pell…mell; side by side with the deputies; taking possession of

their benches; voting along with them; and gathering about the

President; who; surrounded; threatened; and insulted; finally

abandons the position; while his chair is taken by a woman。'34'  A

fishwoman commands in a gallery; and about a hundred women around

her shout or keep silence at her bidding; while she interrupts and

abuses the deputies:



〃Who is that speaker there? Silence that blabbermouth; he does not

know what he is talking about。  The question is how to get bread。

Let papa Mirabeau speak  we want to hear him。〃



A decree on subsistence having been passed; the leaders demand

something in addition; they must be allowed to enter all places

where they suspect any monopolizing to be going on; and the price of

〃bread must be fixed at six sous the four pounds; and meat at six

sous per pound。〃



 〃You must not think that we are children to be played with。  We are

ready to strike。  Do as you are bidden。〃



All their political injunctions emanate from this central idea。  And

further:



 〃Send back the Flemish regiment  it is a thousand men more to

feed; and they take bread out of our mouths。〃  〃Punish the

aristocrats; who hinder the bakers from baking。〃 〃Down with the

skull…cap; the priests are the cause of our trouble! 〃   〃Monsieur

Mounier; why did you advocate that villainous veto? Beware of the

lamp post ! 〃



Under this pressure; a deputation of the Assembly; with the

President at its head; sets out on foot; in the mud; through the

rain; and watched by a howling escort of women and men armed with

pikes: after five hours of waiting and entreaty; it wrings from the

King; besides the decree on subsistence; about which there was no

difficulty; the acceptance; pure and simple; of the Declaration of

Rights; and his sanction to the constitutional articles。   Such is

the independence of the King and the Assembly。'35' Thus are the new

principles of justice established; the grand outlines of the

Constitution; the abstract axioms of political truth under the

dictatorship of a crowd which extorts not only blindly; but which is

half…conscious of its blindness。



 〃Monsieur le President;〃 some among the women say to Mounier; who

returns with the Royal sanction; 〃will it be of any real use to us?

will it give poor folks bread in Paris?〃



Meanwhile; the scum has been bubbling up around the chateau; and the

abandoned women subsidized in Paris are pursuing their calling。'36'

They slip through into the lines of the regiment drawn on the

square; in spite of the sentinels。  Théroigne; in an Amazonian red

vest; distributes money among them。



 〃Side with us;〃 some say to the men; 〃we shall soon beat the King's

Guards; strip off their fine coats and sell them。〃



Others lie sprawling on the ground; alluring the soldiers; and make

such offers as to lead one of them to exclaim; 〃We are going to have

a jolly time of it !〃 Before the day is over; the regiment is

seduced; the women have; according to their own idea; acted for a

good motive。  When a political idea finds its way into such heads;

instead of ennobling them; it becomes degraded there; its only

effect is to let loose vices which a remnant of modesty still keeps

in subjection; and full play is given to luxurious or ferocious

instincts under cover of the public good。   The passions;

moreover; become intensified through their mutual interaction;

crowds; clamor; disorder; longings; and fasting; end in a state of

frenzy; from which nothing can issue but dizzy madness and rage。  

This frenzy began to show itself on the way。  Alread

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