the origins of contemporary france-2-第119章
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took place before his eyes。
'35' The last named; especially; died with heroic meekness (Mercure
de France; June 18; 1791)。 … Sitting of June 9; speeches by two
officers of the regiment of Port…au…Prince; one of them an eye…
witness。
'36' 〃De Dampmartin;〃 II。 214。 Desertion is very great; even in
ordinary times; supplying foreign armies with 〃a fourth of their
effective men。〃 … Towards the end of 1789; Dubois de Crancé; an
old musketeer and one of the future 〃men of the mountain;〃 stated to
the National Assembly that the old system of recruiting supplied the
army with 〃men without home or occupation; who often became soldiers
to avoid civil penalties〃 (Moniteur; II。 376; 381; sitting of
December 12; 1789)。
'37' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105; Correspondence of M。 de
Thiard; September 4 and 7; 1789; November 20; 1789; April 28; and
May 29; 1790。 〃The spirit of insubordination which begins to show
itself in the Bassigny regiment is an epidemic disease which is
insensibly spreading among all the troops。 。 。 。 The troops are
all in a state of gangrene; while all the municipalities oppose the
orders they receive concerning the movements of troops。〃
'38' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H;1453。 Correspondence of M。 de
Bercheny; July 12; 1790。
'39' 〃Mémoire Justificatif〃 (by Grégoire); on behalf of two
soldiers; Emery and Delisle。 … De Bouillé; 〃Mémoires。〃 … De
Dampmartin; I。128; 144。 … 〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105;
Correspondence of M。 de Thiard; July 2 and 9; 1790。 … Moniteur;
sittings of September 3 and June 4; 1790。
'40' De Bouillé; p。 127。 … Moniteur; sitting of August 6; 1790;
and that of May 27; 1790。 … Full details in authentic documents
of the affair at Nancy; passim。 … Report of M。 Emmery; August 16;
1790; and other documents in Buchez and Roux; VII。 59…162。 … De
Bezancenet; p。35。 Letters of M。 de Dommartin (Metz; August 4;
1790)。 〃The Federation there passed off quietly; only; a short time
after; some soldiers of a regiment took it into their heads to
divide the (military) fund; and at once placed sentinels at the door
of the officer having charge of the chest; compelling him to open it
(désacquer)。 Another regiment has since put all its officers under
arrest。 A third has mutinied; and wanted to take all its horses to
the market…place and sell them。 。 。 。 Everywhere the soldiers are
heard to say that if they want money they know where to find it。〃
'41' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3215; letters of the Royal
Commissioners; September 27; October 1; 4; 8; 11; 1790。 the
commencement of the Revolution; had most to do with the
insurrections in the interior。 〃What means can four commissioners
employ to convince 20;000 men; most of whom are seduced by the real
enemies of the public welfare? In consequence of the replacing of
the men the crews are; for the most part; composed of those who are
almost ignorant of the sea; who know nothing of the rules of
subordination; and who; at the commencement of the Revolution; had
most to do with the insurrections in the interior。〃
'42' Mercure de France。 October 2; 1790。 Letter of the Admiral; M。
d'Albert de Rioms; September 16。 The soldiers of the Majestueux
have refused to drill; and the sailors of the Patriote to obey。 …
〃I wished to ascertain beforehand if they had any complaint to make
against their captain? … No。 … If they complained of myself? …
No。 … If they had any complaints to make against their officers ?
… No。 … It is the revolt of one class against another class;
their sole cry is 'Vive la Nation et les Aristocrates à la
lanterne!' The mob have set up a gibbet before the house of M。 de
Marigny; major…general of marines; he has handed in his resignation。
M。 d'Albert tenders his resignation。〃 … Ibid; June 18; 1791
(letter from Dunkirk; June 3)。
'43' De Dampmartin; I。 222; 219。 Mercure de France; September 3;
1791。 (Sitting of August 23。) … Cf。 Moniteur (same date)。 〃The
Ancient Régime;〃 p。377。
'44' Marshal Marmont; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。 24。 〃The sentiment I
entertained for the person of the King is difficult to define。 。 。
(It was) a sentiment of devotion of an almost religious character; a
profound respect as if due to a being of a superior order。 At this
time the word king possessed a magic power in all pure and upright
hearts which nothing had changed。 This delicate sentiment 。 。 。
still existed in the mass of the nation; especially among the well…
born; who; sufficiently remote from power; were rather impressed by
its brilliancy than by its imperfections。〃 De Bezancenet; 27。
Letter of M。 de Dommartin; August 24; 1790。 〃We have just renewed
our oath。 I hardly know what it all means。 I; a soldier; know only
my King; in reality I obey two masters; who; we are told; will
secure my happiness and that of my brethren; if they agree
together。〃
'45' De Dampmartin; I。 179。 See the details of his resignation
(III。 185) after June 20; 1792。 … Mercure de France; April 14;
1792。 Letter from the officers of the battalion of the Royal
chasseurs of Provence (March 9)。 They are confined to their
barracks by their soldiers; who refuse to obey their orders; and
they declare that; on this account; they abandon the service and
leave France。
'46' Rousset; 〃Les Volontaires de 1791 à 1794; p。 106。 Letter of
M。 de Biron to the minister (August; 1792); p。225; letter of Vezu;
commander of the 3rd battalion of Paris; to the army of the north
(July 24; 1793)。 … 〃A Residence in France from 1792 to 1795〃
(September; 1792。 Arras)。 See notes at the end of vol。 II。 for
the details of these violent proceedings。
'47' Mercure de France; March 5; June 4; September 3; October 22;
1791。 (Articles by Mallet du Pan。 … Ibid。 ; April 14; 1792。 More
than six hundred naval officers resigned after the mutiny of the
squadron at Brest。 〃Twenty…two grave revolts in the ports on
shipboard remained unpunished; and several of them through the
decisions of the naval jury。〃 〃There is no instance of any
insurrection; in the ports or on shipboard; or any outrage upon a
naval officer; having been punished。 。 。 。 It is not necessary
to seek elsewhere for the causes of the abandonment of the service
by naval officers。 According to their letters all offer their lives
to France; but refuse to command those who will not obey。〃
'48' This was done by Hitler against the Jews and by the Communists
against their 〃enemy〃 the bourgeois。 (SR。)
'49' Duvergier; 〃Decrees of August 1…6; 1791; February 9…11; 1792;
March 30 to April 8; 1792; July 24…28; 1792; March 28 to April 5;
1793。〃 … Report by Roland; January 6; 1793。 He estimates this
property at 4;800 millions; of which 1;800 millions must he de…
ducted for the creditors of the emigrants; 3;000 millions remain。
Now; at this date; the assignats are at a discount of 55 per cent。
from their nominal figure。
'50' Mercure de France;; February 18; 1792。
'51' Already Tacitus noted some 2000 years ago that; 〃It is part of
human nature to hate the man you have hurt。〃 (SR。)
'52' Cf。 on this general attitude of the clergy; Sauzay; V。 I。
and the whole of V。 II。 … Mercure de France; September 10; 1791:
〃No impartial man will fail to see that; in the midst of this
oppression; amidst so many fanatical charges of which the reproach
of fanaticism and revolt is the pretext; not one act of resistance
has yet been manifest。 Informers and municipal bodies; governed by
clubs; have caused a large number of non…jurors to be cast into
dungeons。 All have come out of them; or groan there untried; and no
tribunal has found any of them guilty。〃 … Report of M。 Cahier;
Minister of the Interior; February 18; 1792。 He declares that 〃he
had no knowledge of any priest being convicted by the courts as a
disturber of the public peace; although several had been accused。〃
… Moniteur M