the six enneads-µÚ55ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
to¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡plan¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡is¡¡evil¡¡in¡¡the¡¡single¡¡Soul¡¡will¡¡stand¡¡a¡¡good¡¡thing¡¡in¡¡the¡¡universal¡¡system£»¡¡what¡¡in¡¡the¡¡unit¡¡offends¡¡nature¡¡will¡¡serve¡¡nature¡¡in¡¡the¡¡total¡¡event¡¡¡and¡¡still¡¡remains¡¡the¡¡weak¡¡and¡¡wrong¡¡tone¡¡it¡¡is£»¡¡though¡¡its¡¡sounding¡¡takes¡¡nothing¡¡from¡¡the¡¡worth¡¡of¡¡the¡¡whole£»¡¡just¡¡as£»¡¡in¡¡another¡¡order¡¡of¡¡image£»¡¡the¡¡executioner's¡¡ugly¡¡office¡¡does¡¡not¡¡mar¡¡the¡¡well¡governed¡¡state£º¡¡such¡¡an¡¡officer¡¡is¡¡a¡¡civic¡¡necessity£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡corresponding¡¡moral¡¡type¡¡is¡¡often¡¡serviceable£»¡¡thus£»¡¡even¡¡as¡¡things¡¡are£»¡¡all¡¡is¡¡well¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡18¡£¡¡Souls¡¡vary¡¡in¡¡worth£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡difference¡¡is¡¡due£»¡¡among¡¡other¡¡causes£»¡¡to¡¡an¡¡almost¡¡initial¡¡inequality£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡in¡¡reason¡¡that£»¡¡standing¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Reason¡Principle£»¡¡as¡¡parts£»¡¡they¡¡should¡¡be¡¡unequal¡¡by¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡of¡¡becoming¡¡separate¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡must¡¡also¡¡remember¡¡that¡¡every¡¡Soul¡¡has¡¡its¡¡second¡¡grade¡¡and¡¡its¡¡third£»¡¡and¡¡that£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡its¡¡expression¡¡may¡¡take¡¡any¡¡one¡¡of¡¡three¡¡main¡¡forms¡£¡¡But¡¡this¡¡point¡¡must¡¡be¡¡dealt¡¡with¡¡here¡¡again£º¡¡the¡¡matter¡¡requires¡¡all¡¡possible¡¡elucidation¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡may¡¡perhaps¡¡think¡¡of¡¡actors¡¡having¡¡the¡¡right¡¡to¡¡add¡¡something¡¡to¡¡the¡¡poet's¡¡words£º¡¡the¡¡drama¡¡as¡¡it¡¡stands¡¡is¡¡not¡¡perfectly¡¡filled¡¡in£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡are¡¡to¡¡supply¡¡where¡¡the¡¡Author¡¡has¡¡left¡¡blank¡¡spaces¡¡here¡¡and¡¡there£»¡¡the¡¡actors¡¡are¡¡to¡¡be¡¡something¡¡else¡¡as¡¡well£»¡¡they¡¡become¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡poet£»¡¡who¡¡on¡¡his¡¡side¡¡has¡¡a¡¡foreknowledge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡word¡¡they¡¡will¡¡add£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡is¡¡able¡¡to¡¡bind¡¡into¡¡one¡¡story¡¡what¡¡the¡¡actors¡¡bring¡¡in¡¡and¡¡what¡¡is¡¡to¡¡follow¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡All£»¡¡the¡¡sequences£»¡¡including¡¡what¡¡follows¡¡upon¡¡wickedness£»¡¡become¡¡Reason¡Principles£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡in¡¡right¡¡reason¡£¡¡Thus£º¡¡from¡¡adultery¡¡and¡¡the¡¡violation¡¡of¡¡prisoners¡¡the¡¡process¡¡of¡¡nature¡¡will¡¡produce¡¡fine¡¡children£»¡¡to¡¡grow£»¡¡perhaps£»¡¡into¡¡fine¡¡men£»¡¡and¡¡where¡¡wicked¡¡violence¡¡has¡¡destroyed¡¡cities£»¡¡other¡¡and¡¡nobler¡¡cities¡¡may¡¡rise¡¡in¡¡their¡¡place¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡does¡¡not¡¡this¡¡make¡¡it¡¡absurd¡¡to¡¡introduce¡¡Souls¡¡as¡¡responsible¡¡causes£»¡¡some¡¡acting¡¡for¡¡good¡¡and¡¡some¡¡for¡¡evil£¿¡¡If¡¡we¡¡thus¡¡exonerate¡¡the¡¡Reason¡Principle¡¡from¡¡any¡¡part¡¡in¡¡wickedness¡¡do¡¡we¡¡not¡¡also¡¡cancel¡¡its¡¡credit¡¡for¡¡the¡¡good£¿¡¡Why¡¡not¡¡simply¡¡take¡¡the¡¡doings¡¡of¡¡these¡¡actors¡¡for¡¡representative¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Reason¡Principle¡¡as¡¡the¡¡doings¡¡of¡¡stage¡actors¡¡are¡¡representative¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡stage¡drama£¿¡¡Why¡¡not¡¡admit¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Reason¡Principle¡¡itself¡¡includes¡¡evil¡¡action¡¡as¡¡much¡¡as¡¡good¡¡action£»¡¡and¡¡inspires¡¡the¡¡precise¡¡conduct¡¡of¡¡all¡¡its¡¡representatives£¿¡¡Would¡¡not¡¡this¡¡be¡¡all¡¡the¡¡more¡¡Plausible¡¡in¡¡that¡¡the¡¡universal¡¡drama¡¡is¡¡the¡¡completer¡¡creation¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Reason¡Principle¡¡is¡¡the¡¡source¡¡of¡¡all¡¡that¡¡exists£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡this¡¡raises¡¡the¡¡question£º¡¡¡¨What¡¡motive¡¡could¡¡lead¡¡the¡¡Logos¡¡to¡¡produce¡¡evil£¿¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡explanation£»¡¡also£»¡¡would¡¡take¡¡away¡¡all¡¡power¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Universe¡¡from¡¡Souls£»¡¡even¡¡those¡¡nearest¡¡to¡¡the¡¡divine£»¡¡they¡¡would¡¡all¡¡be¡¡mere¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Reason¡Principle¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And£»¡¡further¡¡¡unless¡¡all¡¡Reason¡Principles¡¡are¡¡Souls¡¡¡why¡¡should¡¡some¡¡be¡¡souls¡¡and¡¡others¡¡exclusively¡¡Reason¡Principles¡¡when¡¡the¡¡All¡¡is¡¡itself¡¡a¡¡Soul£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THIRD¡¡TRACTATE¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ON¡¡PROVIDENCE¡¡£¨2£©¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡£¡¡What¡¡is¡¡our¡¡answer£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡All¡¡events¡¡and¡¡things£»¡¡good¡¡and¡¡evil¡¡alike£»¡¡are¡¡included¡¡under¡¡the¡¡Universal¡¡Reason¡Principle¡¡of¡¡which¡¡they¡¡are¡¡parts¡¡¡strictly¡¡¡¨included¡¨¡¡for¡¡this¡¡Universal¡¡Idea¡¡does¡¡not¡¡engender¡¡them¡¡but¡¡encompasses¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Reason¡Principles¡¡are¡¡acts¡¡or¡¡expressions¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Universal¡¡Soul£»¡¡its¡¡parts¡¡£§i¡£e¡££»¡¡events¡¡good¡¡and¡¡evil£§¡¡are¡¡expressions¡¡of¡¡these¡¡Soulparts¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡unity£»¡¡Soul£»¡¡has¡¡different¡¡parts£»¡¡the¡¡Reason¡Principles£»¡¡correspondingly£»¡¡will¡¡also¡¡have¡¡their¡¡parts£»¡¡and¡¡so£»¡¡too£»¡¡will¡¡the¡¡ultimates¡¡of¡¡the¡¡system£»¡¡all¡¡that¡¡they¡¡bring¡¡into¡¡being¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Souls¡¡are¡¡in¡¡harmony¡¡with¡¡each¡¡other¡¡and¡¡so£»¡¡too£»¡¡are¡¡their¡¡acts¡¡and¡¡effects£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡is¡¡harmony¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡a¡¡resultant¡¡unity¡¡built¡¡out¡¡of¡¡contraries¡£¡¡All¡¡things£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡rise¡¡from¡¡a¡¡unity£»¡¡come¡¡back¡¡to¡¡unity¡¡by¡¡a¡¡sheer¡¡need¡¡of¡¡nature£»¡¡differences¡¡unfold¡¡themselves£»¡¡contraries¡¡are¡¡produced£»¡¡but¡¡all¡¡is¡¡drawn¡¡into¡¡one¡¡organized¡¡system¡¡by¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡at¡¡the¡¡source¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡principle¡¡may¡¡be¡¡illustrated¡¡from¡¡the¡¡different¡¡classes¡¡of¡¡animal¡¡life£º¡¡there¡¡is¡¡one¡¡genus£»¡¡horse£»¡¡though¡¡horses¡¡among¡¡themselves¡¡fight¡¡and¡¡bite¡¡and¡¡show¡¡malice¡¡and¡¡angry¡¡envy£º¡¡so¡¡all¡¡the¡¡others¡¡within¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡their¡¡Kind£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡humanity¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡All¡¡these¡¡types£»¡¡again£»¡¡can¡¡be¡¡ranged¡¡under¡¡the¡¡one¡¡Kind£»¡¡that¡¡of¡¡living¡¡things£»¡¡objects¡¡without¡¡life¡¡can¡¡be¡¡thought¡¡of¡¡under¡¡their¡¡specific¡¡types¡¡and¡¡then¡¡be¡¡resumed¡¡under¡¡the¡¡one¡¡Kind¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¨non¡living¡¨£»¡¡if¡¡we¡¡choose¡¡to¡¡go¡¡further¡¡yet£»¡¡living¡¡and¡¡non¡living¡¡may¡¡be¡¡included¡¡under¡¡the¡¡one¡¡Kind£»¡¡¡¨Beings£»¡¨¡¡and£»¡¡further¡¡still£»¡¡under¡¡the¡¡Source¡¡of¡¡Being¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Having¡¡attached¡¡all¡¡to¡¡this¡¡source£»¡¡we¡¡turn¡¡to¡¡move¡¡down¡¡again¡¡in¡¡continuous¡¡division£º¡¡we¡¡see¡¡the¡¡Unity¡¡fissuring£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡reaches¡¡out¡¡into¡¡Universality£»¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡embracing¡¡all¡¡in¡¡one¡¡system¡¡so¡¡that¡¡with¡¡all¡¡its¡¡differentiation¡¡it¡¡is¡¡one¡¡multiple¡¡living¡¡thing¡¡¡an¡¡organism¡¡in¡¡which¡¡each¡¡member¡¡executes¡¡the¡¡function¡¡of¡¡its¡¡own¡¡nature¡¡while¡¡it¡¡still¡¡has¡¡its¡¡being¡¡in¡¡that¡¡One¡¡Whole£»¡¡fire¡¡burns£»¡¡horse¡¡does¡¡horse¡¡work£»¡¡men¡¡give£»¡¡each¡¡the¡¡appropriate¡¡act¡¡of¡¡the¡¡peculiar¡¡personal¡¡quality¡¡¡and¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡several¡¡particular¡¡Kinds¡¡to¡¡which¡¡each¡¡belongs¡¡follow¡¡the¡¡acts£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡good¡¡or¡¡evil¡¡of¡¡the¡¡life¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2¡£¡¡Circumstances¡¡are¡¡not¡¡sovereign¡¡over¡¡the¡¡good¡¡of¡¡life£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡are¡¡themselves¡¡moulded¡¡by¡¡their¡¡priors¡¡and¡¡come¡¡in¡¡as¡¡members¡¡of¡¡a¡¡sequence¡£¡¡The¡¡Leading¡Principle¡¡holds¡¡all¡¡the¡¡threads¡¡while¡¡the¡¡minor¡¡agents£»¡¡the¡¡individuals£»¡¡serve¡¡according¡¡to¡¡their¡¡own¡¡capacities£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡a¡¡war¡¡the¡¡generalissimo¡¡lays¡¡down¡¡the¡¡plan¡¡and¡¡his¡¡subordinates¡¡do¡¡their¡¡best¡¡to¡¡its¡¡furtherance¡£¡¡The¡¡Universe¡¡has¡¡been¡¡ordered¡¡by¡¡a¡¡Providence¡¡that¡¡may¡¡be¡¡compared¡¡to¡¡a¡¡general£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡considered¡¡operations£»¡¡conditions¡¡and¡¡such¡¡practical¡¡needs¡¡as¡¡food¡¡and¡¡drink£»¡¡arms¡¡and¡¡engines¡¡of¡¡war£»¡¡all¡¡the¡¡problem¡¡of¡¡reconciling¡¡these¡¡complex¡¡elements¡¡has¡¡been¡¡worked¡¡out¡¡beforehand¡¡so¡¡as¡¡to¡¡make¡¡it¡¡probable¡¡that¡¡the¡¡final¡¡event¡¡may¡¡be¡¡success¡£¡¡The¡¡entire¡¡scheme¡¡emerges¡¡from¡¡the¡¡general's¡¡mind¡¡with¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡plausible¡¡promise£»¡¡though¡¡it¡¡cannot¡¡cover¡¡the¡¡enemy's¡¡operations£»¡¡and¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡power¡¡over¡¡the¡¡disposition¡¡of¡¡the¡¡enemy's¡¡forces£º¡¡but¡¡where¡¡the¡¡mighty¡¡general¡¡is¡¡in¡¡question¡¡whose¡¡power¡¡extends¡¡over¡¡all¡¡that¡¡is£»¡¡what¡¡can¡¡pass¡¡unordered£»¡¡what¡¡can¡¡fail¡¡to¡¡fit¡¡into¡¡the¡¡plan£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡3¡£¡¡For£»¡¡even¡¡though¡¡the¡¡I¡¡is¡¡sovereign¡¡in¡¡choosing£»¡¡yet¡¡by¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡of¡¡the¡¡choice¡¡the¡¡thing¡¡done¡¡takes¡¡its¡¡place¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ordered¡¡total¡£¡¡Your¡¡personality¡¡does¡¡not¡¡come¡¡from¡¡outside¡¡into¡¡the¡¡universal¡¡scheme£»¡¡you¡¡are¡¡a¡¡part¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡you¡¡and¡¡your¡¡personal¡¡disposition¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡what¡¡is¡¡the¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡this¡¡initial¡¡personality£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡question¡¡resolves¡¡itself¡¡into¡¡two£º¡¡are¡¡we¡¡to¡¡make¡¡the¡¡Creator£»¡¡if¡¡Creator¡¡there¡¡is£»¡¡the¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡the¡¡moral¡¡quality¡¡of¡¡the¡¡individual¡¡or¡¡does¡¡the¡¡responsibility¡¡lie¡¡with¡¡the¡¡creature£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Or¡¡is¡¡there£»¡¡perhaps£»¡¡no¡¡responsibility£¿¡¡After¡¡all£»¡¡none¡¡is¡¡charged¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡plants¡¡brought¡¡into¡¡being¡¡without¡¡the¡¡perceptive¡¡faculties£»¡¡no¡¡one¡¡is¡¡blamed¡¡because¡¡animals¡¡are¡¡not¡¡all¡¡that¡¡men¡¡are¡¡¡which¡¡would¡¡be¡¡like¡¡complaining¡¡that¡¡men¡¡are¡¡not¡¡all¡¡that¡¡gods¡¡are¡£¡¡Reason¡¡acquits¡¡plant¡¡and¡¡animal¡¡and£»¡¡their¡¡maker£»¡¡how¡¡can¡¡it¡¡complain¡¡because¡¡men¡¡do¡¡not¡¡stand¡¡above¡¡humanity£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡the¡¡reproach¡¡simply¡¡means¡¡that¡¡Man¡¡might¡¡improve¡¡by¡¡bringing¡¡from¡¡his¡¡own¡¡stock¡¡something¡¡towards¡¡his¡¡betterment¡¡we¡¡must¡¡allow¡¡that¡¡the¡¡man¡¡failing¡¡in¡¡this¡¡is¡¡answerable¡¡for¡¡his¡¡own¡¡inferiority£º¡¡but¡¡if¡¡the¡¡betterment¡¡must¡¡come¡¡not¡¡from¡¡within¡¡the¡¡man¡¡but¡¡from¡¡without£»¡¡from¡¡his¡¡Author£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡folly¡¡to¡¡ask¡¡more¡¡than¡¡has¡¡been¡¡given£»¡¡as¡¡foolish¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡man¡¡as¡¡in¡¡plant¡¡and¡¡animal¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡question¡¡is¡¡not¡¡whether¡¡a¡¡thing¡¡is¡¡inferior¡¡to¡¡something¡¡else¡¡but¡¡whether¡¡in¡¡its¡¡own¡¡Kind¡¡it¡¡suffices¡¡to¡¡its¡¡own¡¡part£»¡¡universal¡¡equality¡¡there¡¡cannot¡¡be¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then¡¡the¡¡Reason¡Principle¡¡has¡¡measured¡¡things¡¡out¡¡with¡¡the¡¡set¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡inequality£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Certainly¡¡not£º¡¡the¡¡inequality¡¡is¡¡inevitable¡¡by¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡things£º¡¡the¡¡Reason¡Principle¡¡of¡¡this¡¡Universe¡¡follows¡¡upon¡¡a¡¡phase¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Soul£»¡¡the¡¡Soul¡¡itself¡¡follows¡¡upon¡¡an¡¡Intellectual¡¡Principle£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡Intellectual¡¡Principle¡¡is¡¡not¡¡one¡¡among¡¡the¡¡things¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Universe¡¡but¡¡is¡¡all¡¡things£»¡¡in¡¡all¡¡things£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡implied¡¡variety¡¡of¡¡things£»¡¡where¡¡there¡¡is¡¡variety¡¡and¡¡not¡¡identity¡¡there¡¡must¡¡be¡¡primals£»¡¡secondaries£»¡¡tertiaries¡¡and¡¡every¡¡grade¡¡downward¡£¡¡Forms¡¡of¡¡life£»¡¡then£»¡¡there¡¡must¡¡be¡¡that¡¡are¡¡not¡¡pur