±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > the six enneads >

µÚ176ÕÂ

the six enneads-µÚ176ÕÂ

С˵£º the six enneads ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



l£»¡¡artificial¡¡and¡¡purposive£º¡¡¡¨natural¡¨¡¡embracing¡¡growth¡¡and¡¡decay£»¡¡¡¨artificial¡¨¡¡architecture¡¡and¡¡shipbuilding£»¡¡¡¨purposive¡¨¡¡enquiry£»¡¡learning£»¡¡government£»¡¡and£»¡¡in¡¡general£»¡¡all¡¡speech¡¡and¡¡action¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Again£»¡¡with¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡growth£»¡¡alteration¡¡and¡¡birth£»¡¡the¡¡division¡¡may¡¡proceed¡¡from¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡and¡¡unnatural£»¡¡or£»¡¡speaking¡¡generally£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡characters¡¡of¡¡the¡¡moved¡¡objects¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡27¡£¡¡What¡¡view¡¡are¡¡we¡¡to¡¡take¡¡of¡¡that¡¡which¡¡is¡¡opposed¡¡to¡¡Motion£»¡¡whether¡¡it¡¡be¡¡Stability¡¡or¡¡Rest£¿¡¡Are¡¡we¡¡to¡¡consider¡¡it¡¡as¡¡a¡¡distinct¡¡genus£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡refer¡¡it¡¡to¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡genera¡¡already¡¡established£¿¡¡We¡¡should£»¡¡no¡¡doubt£»¡¡be¡¡well¡¡advised¡¡to¡¡assign¡¡Stability¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Intellectual£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡look¡¡in¡¡the¡¡lower¡¡sphere¡¡for¡¡Rest¡¡alone¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡First£»¡¡then£»¡¡we¡¡have¡¡to¡¡discover¡¡the¡¡precise¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡this¡¡Rest¡£¡¡If¡¡it¡¡presents¡¡itself¡¡as¡¡identical¡¡with¡¡Stability£»¡¡we¡¡have¡¡no¡¡right¡¡to¡¡expect¡¡to¡¡find¡¡it¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sphere¡¡where¡¡nothing¡¡is¡¡stable¡¡and¡¡the¡¡apparently¡¡stable¡¡has¡¡merely¡¡a¡¡less¡¡strenuous¡¡motion¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Suppose¡¡the¡¡contrary£º¡¡we¡¡decide¡¡that¡¡Rest¡¡is¡¡different¡¡from¡¡Stability¡¡inasmuch¡¡as¡¡Stability¡¡belongs¡¡to¡¡the¡¡utterly¡¡immobile£»¡¡Rest¡¡to¡¡the¡¡stationary¡¡which£»¡¡though¡¡of¡¡a¡¡nature¡¡to¡¡move£»¡¡does¡¡not¡¡move¡£¡¡Now£»¡¡if¡¡Rest¡¡means¡¡coming¡¡to¡¡rest£»¡¡it¡¡must¡¡be¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡a¡¡motion¡¡which¡¡has¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡ceased¡¡but¡¡still¡¡continues£»¡¡but¡¡if¡¡we¡¡suppose¡¡it¡¡to¡¡be¡¡incompatible¡¡with¡¡Motion£»¡¡we¡¡have¡¡first¡¡to¡¡ask¡¡whether¡¡there¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Sensible¡¡world¡¡anything¡¡without¡¡motion¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Yet¡¡nothing¡¡can¡¡experience¡¡every¡¡type¡¡of¡¡motion£»¡¡certain¡¡motions¡¡must¡¡be¡¡ruled¡¡out¡¡in¡¡order¡¡that¡¡we¡¡may¡¡speak¡¡of¡¡the¡¡moving¡¡object¡¡as¡¡existing£º¡¡may¡¡we¡¡not£»¡¡then£»¡¡say¡¡of¡¡that¡¡which¡¡has¡¡no¡¡locomotion¡¡and¡¡is¡¡at¡¡rest¡¡as¡¡far¡¡as¡¡pertains¡¡to¡¡that¡¡specific¡¡type¡¡of¡¡motion£»¡¡simply¡¡that¡¡it¡¡does¡¡not¡¡move£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rest£»¡¡accordingly£»¡¡is¡¡the¡¡negation¡¡of¡¡Motion£º¡¡in¡¡other¡¡words£»¡¡it¡¡has¡¡no¡¡generic¡¡status¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡in¡¡fact¡¡related¡¡only¡¡to¡¡one¡¡type¡¡of¡¡motion£»¡¡namely£»¡¡locomotion£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡therefore¡¡the¡¡negation¡¡of¡¡this¡¡motion¡¡that¡¡is¡¡meant¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But£»¡¡it¡¡may¡¡be¡¡asked£»¡¡why¡¡not¡¡regard¡¡Motion¡¡as¡¡the¡¡negation¡¡of¡¡Stability£¿¡¡We¡¡reply¡¡that¡¡Motion¡¡does¡¡not¡¡appear¡¡alone£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡accompanied¡¡by¡¡a¡¡force¡¡which¡¡actualizes¡¡its¡¡object£»¡¡forcing¡¡it¡¡on£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡were£»¡¡giving¡¡it¡¡a¡¡thousand¡¡forms¡¡and¡¡destroying¡¡them¡¡all£º¡¡Rest£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡contrary£»¡¡comports¡¡nothing¡¡but¡¡the¡¡object¡¡itself£»¡¡and¡¡signifies¡¡merely¡¡that¡¡the¡¡object¡¡has¡¡no¡¡motion¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Why£»¡¡then£»¡¡did¡¡we¡¡not¡¡in¡¡discussing¡¡the¡¡Intellectual¡¡realm¡¡assert¡¡that¡¡Stability¡¡was¡¡the¡¡negation¡¡of¡¡Motion£¿¡¡Because¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡indeed¡¡possible¡¡to¡¡consider¡¡Stability¡¡as¡¡an¡¡annulling¡¡of¡¡Motion£»¡¡for¡¡when¡¡Motion¡¡ceases¡¡Stability¡¡does¡¡not¡¡exist£»¡¡but¡¡requires¡¡for¡¡its¡¡own¡¡existence¡¡the¡¡simultaneous¡¡existence¡¡of¡¡Motion£»¡¡and¡¡what¡¡is¡¡of¡¡a¡¡nature¡¡to¡¡move¡¡is¡¡not¡¡stationary¡¡because¡¡Stability¡¡of¡¡that¡¡realm¡¡is¡¡motionless£»¡¡but¡¡because¡¡Stability¡¡has¡¡taken¡¡hold¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡in¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡it¡¡has¡¡Motion£»¡¡it¡¡will¡¡never¡¡cease¡¡to¡¡move£º¡¡thus£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡stationary¡¡under¡¡the¡¡influence¡¡of¡¡Stability£»¡¡and¡¡moves¡¡under¡¡the¡¡influence¡¡of¡¡Motion¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡lower¡¡realm£»¡¡too£»¡¡a¡¡thing¡¡moves¡¡in¡¡virtue¡¡of¡¡Motion£»¡¡but¡¡its¡¡Rest¡¡is¡¡caused¡¡by¡¡a¡¡deficiency£»¡¡it¡¡has¡¡been¡¡deprived¡¡of¡¡its¡¡due¡¡motion¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡we¡¡have¡¡to¡¡observe¡¡is¡¡the¡¡essential¡¡character¡¡of¡¡this¡¡Sensible¡¡counterpart¡¡of¡¡Stability¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Consider¡¡sickness¡¡and¡¡health¡£¡¡The¡¡convalescent¡¡moves¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sense¡¡that¡¡he¡¡passes¡¡from¡¡sickness¡¡to¡¡health¡£¡¡What¡¡species¡¡of¡¡rest¡¡are¡¡we¡¡to¡¡oppose¡¡to¡¡this¡¡convalescence£¿¡¡If¡¡we¡¡oppose¡¡the¡¡condition¡¡from¡¡which¡¡he¡¡departs£»¡¡that¡¡condition¡¡is¡¡sickness£»¡¡not¡¡Stability£»¡¡if¡¡that¡¡into¡¡which¡¡he¡¡passes£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡health£»¡¡again¡¡not¡¡the¡¡same¡¡as¡¡Stability¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡may¡¡be¡¡declared¡¡that¡¡health¡¡or¡¡sickness¡¡is¡¡indeed¡¡some¡¡form¡¡of¡¡Stability£º¡¡we¡¡are¡¡to¡¡suppose£»¡¡then£»¡¡that¡¡Stability¡¡is¡¡the¡¡genus¡¡of¡¡which¡¡health¡¡and¡¡sickness¡¡are¡¡species£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡absurd¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Stability¡¡may£»¡¡again£»¡¡be¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡an¡¡attribute¡¡of¡¡health£º¡¡according¡¡to¡¡this¡¡view£»¡¡health¡¡will¡¡not¡¡be¡¡health¡¡before¡¡possessing¡¡Stability¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡These¡¡questions¡¡may¡¡however¡¡be¡¡left¡¡to¡¡the¡¡judgement¡¡of¡¡the¡¡individual¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡28¡£¡¡We¡¡have¡¡already¡¡indicated¡¡that¡¡Activity¡¡and¡¡Passivity¡¡are¡¡to¡¡be¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡motions£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡possible¡¡to¡¡distinguish¡¡absolute¡¡motions£»¡¡actions£»¡¡passions¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡for¡¡the¡¡remaining¡¡so¡­called¡¡genera£»¡¡we¡¡have¡¡shown¡¡that¡¡they¡¡are¡¡reducible¡¡to¡¡those¡¡which¡¡we¡¡have¡¡posited¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡With¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡the¡¡relative£»¡¡we¡¡have¡¡maintained¡¡that¡¡Relation¡¡belongs¡¡to¡¡one¡¡object¡¡as¡¡compared¡¡with¡¡another£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡two¡¡objects¡¡coexist¡¡simultaneously£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡Relation¡¡is¡¡found¡¡wherever¡¡a¡¡substance¡¡is¡¡in¡¡such¡¡a¡¡condition¡¡as¡¡to¡¡produce¡¡it£»¡¡not¡¡that¡¡the¡¡substance¡¡is¡¡a¡¡relative£»¡¡except¡¡in¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡it¡¡constitutes¡¡part¡¡of¡¡a¡¡whole¡­¡¡a¡¡hand£»¡¡for¡¡example£»¡¡or¡¡head¡¡or¡¡cause¡¡or¡¡principle¡¡or¡¡element¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡may¡¡also¡¡adopt¡¡the¡¡ancient¡¡division¡¡of¡¡relatives¡¡into¡¡creative¡¡principles£»¡¡measures£»¡¡excesses¡¡and¡¡deficiencies£»¡¡and¡¡those¡¡which¡¡in¡¡general¡¡separate¡¡objects¡¡on¡¡the¡¡basis¡¡of¡¡similarities¡¡and¡¡differences¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Our¡¡investigation¡¡into¡¡the¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡Being¡¡is¡¡now¡¡complete¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡FOURTH¡¡TRACTATE¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ON¡¡THE¡¡INTEGRAL¡¡OMNIPRESENCE¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡AUTHENTIC¡¡EXISTENT¡¡£¨1£©¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡£¡¡How¡¡are¡¡we¡¡to¡¡explain¡¡the¡¡omnipresence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡soul£¿¡¡Does¡¡it¡¡depend¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡definite¡¡magnitude¡¡of¡¡the¡¡material¡¡universe¡¡coupled¡¡with¡¡some¡¡native¡¡tendency¡¡in¡¡soul¡¡to¡¡distribute¡¡itself¡¡over¡¡material¡¡mass£»¡¡or¡¡is¡¡it¡¡a¡¡characteristic¡¡of¡¡soul¡¡apart¡¡from¡¡body£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡case£»¡¡soul¡¡will¡¡not¡¡appear¡¡just¡¡where¡¡body¡¡may¡¡bring¡¡it£»¡¡body¡¡will¡¡meet¡¡soul¡¡awaiting¡¡it¡¡everywhere£»¡¡wheresoever¡¡body¡¡finds¡¡place£»¡¡there¡¡soul¡¡lay¡¡before¡¡ever¡¡body¡¡was£»¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡material¡¡mass¡¡of¡¡the¡¡universe¡¡has¡¡been¡¡set¡¡into¡¡an¡¡existent¡¡soul¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡if¡¡soul¡¡spread¡¡thus¡¡wide¡¡before¡¡material¡¡extension¡¡existed£»¡¡then¡¡as¡¡covering¡¡all¡¡space¡¡it¡¡would¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡be¡¡of¡¡itself¡¡a¡¡thing¡¡of¡¡magnitude£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡what¡¡mode¡¡could¡¡it¡¡exist¡¡in¡¡the¡¡All¡¡before¡¡the¡¡All¡¡was¡¡in¡¡being£»¡¡before¡¡there¡¡was¡¡any¡¡All£¿¡¡And¡¡who¡¡can¡¡accept¡¡a¡¡soul¡¡described¡¡as¡¡partless¡¡and¡¡massless¡¡and¡¡yet£»¡¡for¡¡all¡¡that¡¡absence¡¡of¡¡extension£»¡¡extending¡¡over¡¡a¡¡universe£¿¡¡We¡¡may¡¡perhaps¡¡be¡¡told¡¡that£»¡¡though¡¡extended¡¡over¡¡the¡¡corporeal£»¡¡it¡¡does¡¡not¡¡itself¡¡become¡¡so£º¡¡but¡¡thus¡¡to¡¡give¡¡it¡¡magnitude¡¡as¡¡an¡¡accidental¡¡attribute¡¡leaves¡¡the¡¡problem¡¡still¡¡unsolved£º¡¡precisely¡¡the¡¡same¡¡question¡¡must¡¡in¡¡all¡¡reason¡¡arise£º¡¡How¡¡can¡¡the¡¡soul¡¡take¡¡magnitude¡¡even¡¡in¡¡the¡¡move¡¡of¡¡accident£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡cannot¡¡think¡¡of¡¡soul¡¡being¡¡diffused¡¡as¡¡a¡¡quality¡¡is£»¡¡say¡¡sweetness¡¡or¡¡colour£»¡¡for¡¡while¡¡these¡¡are¡¡actual¡¡states¡¡of¡¡the¡¡masses¡¡affected¡¡so¡¡that¡¡they¡¡show¡¡that¡¡quality¡¡at¡¡every¡¡point£»¡¡none¡¡of¡¡them¡¡has¡¡an¡¡independent¡¡existence£»¡¡they¡¡are¡¡attributes¡¡of¡¡body¡¡and¡¡known¡¡only¡¡as¡¡in¡¡body£»¡¡such¡¡quality¡¡is¡¡necessarily¡¡of¡¡a¡¡definite¡¡extension¡£¡¡Further£»¡¡the¡¡colour¡¡at¡¡any¡¡point¡¡is¡¡independent¡¡of¡¡that¡¡at¡¡any¡¡other£»¡¡no¡¡doubt¡¡the¡¡Form£»¡¡White£»¡¡is¡¡the¡¡same¡¡all¡¡over£»¡¡but¡¡there¡¡is¡¡not¡¡arithmetical¡¡identity£»¡¡in¡¡soul¡¡there¡¡is£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡one¡¡soul¡¡in¡¡foot¡¡and¡¡in¡¡hand£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡facts¡¡of¡¡perception¡¡show¡£¡¡And¡¡yet¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡qualities¡¡the¡¡one¡¡is¡¡observably¡¡distributed¡¡part¡¡for¡¡part£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡soul¡¡the¡¡identity¡¡is¡¡undistributed£»¡¡what¡¡we¡¡sometimes¡¡call¡¡distribution¡¡is¡¡simply¡¡omnipresence¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Obviously£»¡¡we¡¡must¡¡take¡¡hold¡¡of¡¡the¡¡question¡¡from¡¡the¡¡very¡¡beginning¡¡in¡¡the¡¡hope¡¡of¡¡finding¡¡some¡¡clear¡¡and¡¡convincing¡¡theory¡¡as¡¡to¡¡how¡¡soul£»¡¡immaterial¡¡and¡¡without¡¡magnitude£»¡¡can¡¡be¡¡thus¡¡broad¡­spread£»¡¡whether¡¡before¡¡material¡¡masses¡¡exist¡¡or¡¡as¡¡enveloping¡¡them¡£¡¡Of¡¡course£»¡¡should¡¡it¡¡appear¡¡that¡¡this¡¡omnipresence¡¡may¡¡occur¡¡apart¡¡from¡¡material¡¡things£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡difficulty¡¡in¡¡accepting¡¡its¡¡occurrence¡¡within¡¡the¡¡material¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2¡£¡¡Side¡¡by¡¡side¡¡exist¡¡the¡¡Authentic¡¡All¡¡and¡¡its¡¡counterpart£»¡¡the¡¡visible¡¡universe¡£¡¡The¡¡Authentic¡¡is¡¡contained¡¡in¡¡nothing£»¡¡since¡¡nothing¡¡existed¡¡before¡¡it£»¡¡of¡¡necessity¡¡anything¡¡coming¡¡after¡¡it¡¡must£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡first¡¡condition¡¡of¡¡existence£»¡¡be¡¡contained¡¡by¡¡this¡¡All£»¡¡especially¡¡since¡¡it¡¡depends¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡Authentic¡¡and¡¡without¡¡that¡¡could¡¡have¡¡neither¡¡stability¡¡nor¡¡movement¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡may¡¡be¡¡reminded¡¡that¡¡the¡¡universe¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡contained¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Authentic¡¡as¡¡in¡¡a¡¡place£»¡¡where¡¡place¡¡would¡¡mean¡¡the¡¡boundaries¡¡of¡¡some¡¡surrounding¡¡extension¡¡considered¡¡as¡¡an¡¡envelope£»¡¡or¡¡some¡¡space¡¡formerly¡¡a¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Void¡¡and¡¡still¡¡remaining¡¡unoccupied¡¡even¡¡after¡¡the¡¡emergence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡universe£»¡¡that¡¡it¡¡can¡¡only¡¡support¡¡itself£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡were£»¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡Authentic¡¡and¡¡rest¡¡in¡¡the¡¡embrace¡¡of¡¡its¡¡omnipresence£»¡¡but¡¡this¡¡objection¡¡is¡¡merely¡¡verbal¡¡and¡¡will¡¡disappear¡¡if¡¡our¡¡meaning¡¡is¡¡grasped£»¡¡we¡¡mention¡¡it¡¡f

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ