letters to his son, 1748-第4章
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not as guides。 We are really so prejudiced by our education； that； as the ancients deified their heroes； we deify their madmen； of which； with all due regard for antiquity； I take Leonidas and Curtius to have been two distinguished ones。 And yet a solid pedant would； in a speech in parliament； relative to a tax of two… pence in the pound upon some community or other； quote those two heroes； as examples of what we ought to do and suffer for our country。 I have known these absurdities carried so far by people of injudicious learning； that I should not be surprised； if some of them were to propose； while we are at war with the Gauls； that a number of geese should be kept in the Tower； upon account of the infinite advantage which Rome received IN A PARALLEL CASE； from a certain number of geese in the Capitol。 This way of reasoning； and this way of speaking； will always form a poor politician； and a puerile declaimer。
There is another species of learned men； who； though less dogmatical and supercilious； are not less impertinent。 These are the communicative and shining pedants； who adorn their conversation； even with women； by happy quotations of Greek and Latin； and who have contracted such a familiarity with the Greek and Roman authors； that they； call them by certain names or epithets denoting intimacy。 As OLD Homer； that SLY ROGUE Horace； MARO； instead of Virgil； and Naso； Instead of Ovid。 These are often imitated by coxcombs； who have no learning at all； but who have got some names and some scraps of ancient authors by heart； which they improperly and impertinently retail in all companies； in hopes of passing for scholars。 If； therefore； you would avoid the accusation of pedantry on one hand； or the suspicion of ignorance on the other； abstain from learned ostentation。 Speak the language of the company that you are in； speak it purely； and unlarded with any other。 Never seem wiser； nor more learned； than the people you are with。 Wear your learning； like your watch； in a private pocket： and do not pull it out and strike it； merely to show that you have one。 If you are asked what o'clock it is； tell it； but do not proclaim it hourly and unasked； like the watchman。
Upon the whole； remember that learning （I mean Greek and Roman learning） is a most useful and necessary ornament； which it is shameful not to be master of； but； at the same time most carefully avoid those errors and abuses which I have mentioned； and which too often attend it。 Remember； too； that great modern knowledge is still more necessary than ancient； and that you had better know perfectly the present； than the old state of Europe； though I would have you well acquainted with both。
I have this moment received your letter of the 17th； N。 S。 Though； I confess； there is no great variety in your present manner of life； yet materials can never be wanting for a letter； you see； you hear； or you read something new every day； a short account of which； with your own reflections thereupon； will make out a letter very well。 But； since you desire a subject； pray send me an account of the Lutheran establishment in Germany； their religious tenets； their church government； the maintenance； authority； and titles of their clergy。
'Vittorio Siri'； complete； is a very scarce and very dear book here； but I do not want it。 If your own library grows too voluminous； you will not know what to do with it； when you leave Leipsig。 Your best way will be； when you go away from thence； to send to England； by Hamburg； all the books that you do not absolutely want。 Yours。
LETTER XXXI
BATH； March 1； O。 S。 1748。
DEAR BOY： By Mr。 Harte's letter to Mr。 Grevenkop； of the 21st February； N。 S。； I find that you had been a great while without receiving any letters from me； but by this time； I daresay you think you have received enough； and possibly more than you have read； for I am not only a frequent； but a prolix correspondent。
Mr。 Harte says； in that letter； that he looks upon Professor Mascow to be one of the ablest men in Europe； in treaty and political knowledge。 I am extremely glad of it； for that is what I would have you particularly apply to； and make yourself perfect master of。 The treaty part you must chiefly acquire by reading the treaties themselves； and the histories and memoirs relative to them； not but that inquiries and conversations upon those treaties will help you greatly； and imprint them better in your mind。 In this course of reading； do not perplex yourself； at first； by the multitude of insignificant treaties which are to be found in the Corps Diplomatique； but stick to the material ones； which altered the state of Europe； and made a new arrangement among the great powers； such as the treaties of Munster； Nimeguen； Ryswick； and Utrecht。
But there is one part of political knowledge； which is only to be had by inquiry and conversation； that is； the present state of every power in Europe； with regard to the three important points； of strength； revenue； and commerce。 You will； therefore； do well； while you are in Germany； to inform yourself carefully of the military force； the revenues； and the commerce of every prince and state of the empire； and to write down those informations in a little book； for that particular purpose。 To give you a specimen of what I mean：
THE ELECTORATE OF HANOVER
The revenue is about L500；000 a year。
The military establishment； in time of war； may be about 25；000 men； but that is the utmost。
The trade is chiefly linens； exported from Stade。
There are coarse woolen manufactures for home…consumption。
The mines of Hartz produce about L100；000 in silver； annually。
Such informations you may very easily get； by proper inquiries； of every state in Germany if you will but prefer useful to frivolous conversations。
There are many princes in Germany； who keep very few or no troops； unless upon the approach of danger； or for the sake of profit； by letting them out for subsidies； to great powers： In that case； you will inform yourself what number of troops they could raise； either for their own defense； or furnish to other powers for subsidies。
There is very little trouble； and an infinite use； in acquiring of this knowledge。 It seems to me even to be a more entertaining subject to talk upon； than 'la pluie et le beau tens'。
Though I am sensible that these things cannot be known with the utmost exactness； at least by you yet； you may； however； get so near the truth； that the difference will be very immaterial。
Pray let me know if the Roman Catholic worship is tolerated in Saxony； anywhere but at Court； and if public mass…houses are allowed anywhere else in the electorate。 Are the regular Romish clergy allowed； and have they any convents？
Are there any military orders in Saxony； and what？ Is the White Eagle a Saxon or a Polish order？ Upon what occasion； and when was it founded？ What number of knights？
Adieu！ God bless you； and may you turn out what I wish！
LETTER XXXII
BATH； March 9； O。 S。 1748。
DEAR BOY： I must from time to time； remind you of what I have often recommended to you； and of what you cannot attend to too much； SACRIFICE TO THE GRACES。 The different effects of the same things； said or done； when accompanied or abandoned by them； is almost inconceivable。 They prepare the way to the heart； and the heart has such an influence over the understanding； that it is worth while to engage it in our interest。 It is the whole of women； who are guided by nothing else： and it has so much to say； even with men； and the ablest men too； that it commonly triumphs in every struggle with the understanding。 Monsieur de Rochefoucault； in his 〃Maxims；〃 says； that 'l'esprit est souvent la dupe du coeur。' If he had said； instead of 'souvent； tresque toujours'； I fear he would have been nearer the truth。 This being the case； aim at the heart。 Intrinsic merit alone will not do； it will gain you the general esteem of all； but not the particular affection； that is； the heart of any。 To engage the affections of any particular person； you must； over and above your general m
