letters to his son, 1748-第22章
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the carelessness of people in his company； who are accustomed to look upon him as one of them； and consequently are not upon their guard before him。 For a minister who only goes to the court he resides at； in form； to ask an audience of the prince or the minister upon his last instructions； puts them upon their guard； and will never know anything more than what they have a mind that he should know。 Here women may be put to some use。 A king's mistress； or a minister's wife or mistress； may give great and useful informations； and are very apt to do it； being proud to show that they have been trusted。 But then； in this case； the height of that sort of address； which； strikes women； is requisite； I mean that easy politeness； genteel and graceful address； and that 'exterieur brilliant' which they cannot withstand。 There is a sort of men so like women； that they are to be taken just in the same way； I mean those who are commonly called FINE MEN； who swarm at all courts； who have little reflection； and less knowledge； but； who by their good breeding； and 'train…tran' of the world； are admitted into all companies； and； by the imprudence or carelessness of their superiors； pick up secrets worth knowing； which are easily got out of them by proper address。 Adieu。
LETTER LIII
BATH； October 12； O。 S。 1748。
DEAR BOY： I came here three days ago upon account of a disorder in my stomach； which affected my head and gave me vertigo。 I already find myself something better； and consequently do not doubt but that the course of these waters will set me quite right。 But however and wherever I am； your welfare； your character； your knowledge； and your morals； employ my thoughts more than anything that can happen to me； or that I can fear or hope for myself。 I am going off the stage； you are coming upon it； with me what has been； has been； and reflection now would come too late； with you everything is to come； even； in some manner； reflection itself； so that this is the very time when my reflections； the result of experience； may be of use to you； by supplying the want of yours。 As soon as you leave Leipsig； you will gradually be going into the great world； where the first impressions that you shall give of yourself will be of great importance to you； but those which you shall receive will be decisive； for they always stick。 To keep good company； especially at your first setting out； is the way to receive good impressions。 If you ask me what I mean by good company； I will confess to you that it is pretty difficult to define； but I will endeavor to make you understand it as well as I can。
Good company is not what respective sets of company are pleased either to call or think themselves； but it is that company which all the people of the place call； and acknowledge to be； good company； notwithstanding some objections which they may form to some of the individuals who compose it。 It consists chiefly （but by no means without exception） of people of considerable birth； rank； and character； for people of neither birth nor rank are frequently； and very justly admitted into it； if distinguished by any peculiar merit； or eminency in any liberal art or science。 Nay； so motly a thing is good company； that many people； without birth； rank； or merit； intrude into it by their own forwardness； and others slide into it by the protection of some considerable person； and some even of indifferent characters and morals make part of it。 But in the main； the good part preponderates； and people of infamous and blasted characters are never admitted。 In this fashionable good company； the best manners and the best language of the place are most unquestionably to be learned； for they establish and give the tone to both； which are therefore called the language and manners of good company： there being no legal tribunal to ascertain either。
A company； consisting wholly of people of the first quality； cannot； for that reason； be called good company； in the common acceptation of the phrase； unless they are； into the bargain； the fashionable and accredited company of the place； for people of the very first quality can be as silly； as ill…bred； and as worthless； as people of the meanest degree。 On the other hand； a company consisting entirely of people of very low condition； whatever their merit or parts may be； can never be called good company； and consequently should not be much frequented； though by no means despised。
A company wholly composed of men of learning； though greatly to be valued and respected； is not meant by the words GOOD COMPANY； they cannot have the easy manners and； 'tournure' of the world； as they do not live in it。 If you can bear your part well in such a company； it is extremely right to be in it sometimes； and you will be but more esteemed in other companies； for having a place in that。 But then do not let it engross you； for if you do； you will be only considered as one of the 'literati' by profession； which is not the way either； to shine； or rise in the world。
The company of professed wits and pests is extremely inviting to most young men； who if they have wit themselves； are pleased with it； and if they have none； are sillily proud of being one of it： but it should be frequented with moderation and judgment； and you should by no means give yourself up to it。 A wit is a very unpopular denomination； as it carries terror along with it； and people in general are as much afraid of a live wit； in company； as a woman is of a gun； which she thinks may go off of itself； and do her a mischief。 Their acquaintance is； however； worth seeking； and their company worth frequenting； but not exclusively of others； nor to such a degree as to be considered only as one of that particular set。
But the company； which of all others you should most carefully avoid； is that low company； which； in every sense of the word； is low indeed； low in rank； low in parts； low in manners； and low in merit。 You will； perhaps； be surprised that I should think it necessary to warn you against such company； but yet I do not think it wholly； unnecessary； from the many instances which I have seen of men of sense and rank； discredited； verified； and undone； by keeping such company。
Vanity； that source of many of our follies； and of some of our crimes； has sunk many a man into company； in every light infinitely； below himself； for the sake of being the first man in it。 There he dictates； is applauded； admired； and； for the sake of being the Coryphceus of that wretched chorus； disgraces and disqualifies himself soon for any better company。 Depend upon it； you will sink or rise to the level of the company which you commonly keep： people will judge of you； and not unreasonably； by that。 There is good sense in the Spanish saying； 〃Tell me whom you live with； and I will tell you who you are。〃 Make it therefore your business； wherever you are； to get into that company which everybody in the place allows to be the best company next to their own； which is the best definition that I can give you of good company。 But here； too； one caution is very necessary； for want of which many young men have been ruined； even in good company。
Good company （as I have before observed） is composed of a great variety of fashionable people； whose characters and morals are very different； though their manners are pretty much the same。 When a young man； new in the world； first gets into that company； he very rightly determines to conform to； and imitate it。 But then he too often； and fatally； mistakes the objects of his imitation。 He has often heard that absurd term of genteel and fashionable vices。 He there sees some people who shine； and who in general are admired and esteemed； and observes that these people are whoremasters； drunkards； or gamesters； upon which he adopts their vices； mistaking their defects for their perfections； and thinking that they owe their fashions and their luster to those genteel vices。 Whereas it is exactly the reverse； for these people have acquired their reputation by their parts； their learning； their good…breeding； and other real accomplishments： and are only blemished and lowered； in the opinions of all reasonable people； and of their own； in
