letters to his son, 1748-第13章
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her。＇ set out last week for Holland； and will； I believe； be at Leipsig soon after this letter： you will take care to be extremely civil to him； and to do him any service that you can while you stay there； let him know that I wrote to you to do so。 As being older； he should know more than you； in that case； take pains to get up to him； but if he does not； take care not to let him feel his inferiority。 He will find it out of himself without your endeavors； and that cannot be helped： but nothing is more insulting； more mortifying and less forgiven； than avowedly to take pains to make a man feel a mortifying inferiority in knowledge； rank； fortune； etc。 In the two last articles； it is unjust； they not being in his power： and in the first it is both ill…bred and ill…natured。 Good…breeding； and good… nature； do incline us rather to raise and help people up to ourselves； than to mortify and depress them； and； in truth； our own private interest concurs in it； as it is making ourselves so many friends； instead of so many enemies。 The constant practice of what the French call 'les Attentions'； is a most necessary ingredient in the art of pleasing； they flatter the self…love of those to whom they are shown； they engage； they captivate； more than things of much greater importance。 The duties of social life every man is obliged to discharge； but these attentions are voluntary acts； the free…will offerings of good…breeding and good。 nature； they are received； remembered； and returned as such。 Women； particularly； have a right to them； and any omission in that respect is downright ill…breeding。
Do you employ your； whole time in the most useful manner？ I do not mean； do you study all day long？ nor do I require it。 But I mean； do you make the most of the respective allotments of your time？ While you study； is it with attention？ When you divert yourself； is it with spirit？ Your diversions may； if you please； employ some part of your time very usefully。 It depends entirely upon the nature of them。 If they are futile and frivolous it is time worse than lost； for they will give you an habit of futility。 All gaming； field…sports； and such sort of amusements； where neither the understanding nor the senses have the least share； I look upon as frivolous； and as the resources of little minds； who either do not think； or do not love to think。 But the pleasures of a man of parts either flatter the senses or improve the mind； I hope at least； that there is not one minute of the day in which you do nothing at all。 Inaction at your age is unpardonable。
Tell me what Greek and Latin books you can now read with ease。 Can you open Demosthenes at a venture； and understand him？ Can you get through an 〃Oration〃 of Cicero； or a 〃Satire〃 of Horace； without difficulty？ What German books do you read； to make yourself master of that language？ And what French books do you read for your amusement？ Pray give me a particular and true account of all this； for I am not indifferent as to any one thing that relates to you。 As； for example； I hope you take great care to keep your whole person； particularly your mouth； very clean； common decency requires it； besides that great cleanliness is very conducive to health。 But if you do not keep your mouth excessively clean； by washing it carefully every morning； and after every meal； it will not only be apt to smell； which is very disgusting and indecent； but your teeth will decay and ache； which is both a great loss and a great pain。 A spruceness of dress is also very proper and becoming at your age； as the negligence of it implies an indifference about pleasing； which does not become a young fellow。 To do whatever you do at all to the utmost perfection； ought to be your aim at this time of your life； if you can reach perfection； so much the better； but at least； by attempting it； you will get much nearer than if you never attempted it at all。
Adieu！ SPEAK GRACEFULLY AND DISTINCTLY if you intend to converse ever with； Yours。
P。 S。 As I was making up my letter； I received yours of the 6th； O。 S。 I like your dissertation upon Preliminary Articles and Truces。 Your definitions of both are true。 Those are matters which I would have you be master of； they belong to your future department； But remember too； that they are matters upon which you will much oftener have occasion to speak than to write； and that； consequently； it is full as necessary to speak gracefully and distinctly upon them as to write clearly and elegantly。 I find no authority among the ancients； nor indeed among the moderns； for indistinct and unintelligible utterance。 The Oracles indeed meant to be obscure； but then it was by the ambiguity of the expression； and not by the inarticulation of the words。 For if people had not thought； at least； they understood them； they would neither have frequented nor presented them as they did。 There was likewise among the ancients； and is still among the moderns； a sort of people called Ventriloqui； who speak from their bellies； on make the voice seem to come from some other part of the room than that where they are。 But these Ventriloqui speak very distinctly and intelligibly。 The only thing； then； that I can find like a precedent for your way of speaking （and I would willingly help you to one if I could） is the modern art 'de persifler'； practiced with great success by the 'Petits maitres' at Paris。 This noble art consists in picking out some grave； serious man； who neither understands nor expects； raillery； and talking to him very quick； and inarticulate sounds； while the man； who thinks that he did not hear well； or attend sufficiently； says； 'Monsieur？ or 'Plait…il'？ a hundred times； which affords matter of much mirth to those ingenious gentlemen。 Whether you would follow； this precedent； I submit to you。
Have you carried no English or French comedies of tragedies with you to Leipsig？ If you have； I insist upon your reciting some passages of them every day to Mr。 Harte in the most distinct and graceful manner； as if you were acting them upon a stage。
The first part of my； letter is more than an answer to your questions concerning Lord Pulteney。
LETTER XLV
LONDON； July； 20； O。 S。 1748
DEAR BOY： There are two sorts of understandings； one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable； and the other commonly makes him ridiculous； I mean the lazy mind； and the trifling； frivolous mind： Yours； I hope； is neither。 The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything； but； discouraged by the first difficulties （and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some）； stops short； contents； itself with easy； and consequently superficial knowledge； and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble。 These people either think； or represent most things as impossible； whereas； few things are so to industry and activity。 But difficulties seem to them； impossibilities； or at least they pretend to think them soby way of excuse for their laziness。 An hour's attention to the same subject is too laborious for them； they take everything in the light in which it first presents itself； never consider； it in all its different views； and； in short； never think it through。 The consequence of this is that when they come to speak upon these subjects； before people who have considered them with attention； they only discover their own ignorance and laziness； and lay themselves open to answers that put them in confusion。 Do not then be discouraged by the first difficulties； but 'contra audentior ito'； and resolve to go to the bottom of all those things which every gentleman ought to know well。 Those arts or sciences which are peculiar to certain professions； need not be deeply known by those who are not intended for those professions。 As； for instance； fortification and navigation； of both which； a superficial and general knowledge； such as the common course of conversation； with a very little inquiry on your part； will give you； is sufficient。 Though； by the way； a little more knowledge of fortification may be of some use to you； as the events of war； in sieges； make many of the terms； of that science occur frequently in common con
