coriolanus-第3章

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down　their　arms；　thus　affording　Lartius　abundant　opportunity　to
bring　in　the　rest　of　the　Romans　with　ease　and　safety。
　　Corioli　being　thus　surprised　and　taken；　the　greater　part　of　the
soldiers　employed　themselves　in　spoiling　and　pillaging　it；　while
Marcius　indignantly　reproached　them；　and　exclaimed　that　it　was　a
dishonourable　and　unworthy　thing；　when　the　consul　and　their
Fellow…citizens　had　now　perhaps　encountered　the　other　Volscians；　and
were　hazarding　their　lives　in　battle；　basely　to　misspend　the　time　in
running　up　and　down　for　booty；　and；　under　a　pretence　of　enriching
themselves；　keep　out　of　danger。　Few　paid　him　any　attention；　but；
putting　himself　at　the　head　of　these；　he　took　the　road　by　which　the
consul's　army　had　marched　before　him；　encouraging　his　companions；
and　beseeching　them；　as　they　went　along；　not　to　give　up；　and　praying
often　to　the　gods；　too；　that　he　might　be　so　happy　as　to　arrive
before　the　fight　was　over；　and　come　seasonably　up　to　assist
Cominius；　and　partake　in　the　peril　of　the　action。
　　It　was　customary　with　the　Romans　of　that　age；　when　they　were
moving　into　battle　array；　and　were　on　the　point　of　taking　up　their
bucklers；　and　girding　their　coats　about　them；　to　make　at　the　same　time
an　unwritten　will；　or　verbal　testament；　and　to　name　who　should　be
their　heirs；　in　the　hearing　of　three　or　four　witnesses。　In　this
precise　posture　Marcius　found　them　at　his　arrival；　the　enemy　being
advanced　within　view。
　　They　were　not　a　little　disturbed　by　his　first　appearance；　seeing　him
covered　with　blood　and　sweat；　and　attended　with　a　small　train；　but
when　he　hastily　made　up　to　the　consul　with　gladness　in　his　looks；
giving　him　his　hand；　and　recounting　to　him　how　the　city　had　been
taken；　and　when　they　saw　Cominius　also　embrace　and　salute　him；　every
one　took　fresh　heart；　those　that　were　near　enough　hearing；　and　those
that　were　at　a　distance　guessing；　what　had　happened；　and　all　cried　out
to　be　led　to　battle。　First；　however；　Marcius　desired　to　know　of　him
how　the　Volscians　had　arrayed　their　army　and　where　they　had　placed
their　best　men　and　on　his　answering　that　he　took　the　troops　of　the
Antiates　in　the　centre　to　be　their　prime　warriors　that　would　yield
to　none　in　bravery；　〃Let　me　demand　and　obtain　of　you；〃　said　Marcius；
〃that　we　may　be　posted　against　them。〃　The　consul　granted　the
request；　with　much　admiration　for　his　gallantry。　And　when　the　conflict
began　by　the　soldiers　darting　at　each　other；　and　Marcius　sallied　out
before　the　rest　the　Volscians　opposed　to　him　were　not　able　to　make
head　against　him；　wherever　he　fell　in；　he　broke　their　ranks；　and
made　a　lane　through　them；　but　the　parties　turning　again；　and　enclosing
him　on　each　side　with　their　weapons；　the　consul；　who　observed　the
danger　he　was　in　despatched　some　of　the　choicest　men　he　had　for　his
rescue。　The　conflict　then　growing　warm　and　sharp　about　Marcius　and
many　falling　dead　in　a　little　space；　the　Romans　bore　so　hard　upon
their　enemies；　and　pressed　them　with　such　violence；　that　they　forced
them　at　length　to　abandon　their　ground；　and　to　quit　the　field。　And
going　now　to　prosecute　the　victory；　they　besought　Marcius；　tired　out
with　his　toils；　and　faint　and　heavy　through　the　loss　of　blood；　that　he
would　retire　to　the　camp。　He　replied；　however；　that　weariness　was
not　for　conquerors；　and　joined　with　them　in　the　pursuit。　The　rest　of
the　Volscian　army　was　in　like　manner　defeated；　great　numbers　killed；
and　no　less　taken　captive。
　　The　day　after；　when　Marcius；　with　the　rest　of　the　army；　presented
themselves　at　the　consul's　tent；　Cominius　rose；　and　having　rendered
all　due　acknowledgment　to　the　gods　for　the　success　of　that　enterprise；
turned　next　to　Marcius；　and　first　of　all　delivered　the　strongest
encomium　upon　his　rare　exploits；　which　he　had　partly　been　an
eye…witness　of　himself；　in　the　late　battle；　and　had　partly　learned
from　the　testimony　of　Lartius。　And　then　he　required　him　to　choose　a
tenth　part　of　all　the　treasure　and　horses　and　captives　that　had　fallen
into　their　hands；　before　any　division　should　be　made　to　others；
besides　which；　he　made　him　the　special　present　of　a　horse　with
trappings　and　ornaments；　in　honour　of　his　actions。　The　whole　army
applauded；　Marcius；　however；　stepped　forth；　and　declaring　his　thankful
acceptance　of　the　horse；　and　his　gratification　at　the　praises　of　his
general；　said；　that　all　other　things；　which　he　could　only　regard
rather　as　mercenary　advantages　than　any　significations　of　honour；　he
must　waive；　and　should　be　content　with　the　ordinary　proportion　of　such
rewards。　〃I　have　only；〃　said　he；　〃one　special　grace　to　beg；　and　this　I
hope　you　will　not　deny　me。　There　was　a　certain　hospitable　friend　of
mine　among　the　Volscians；　a　man　of　probity　and　virtue；　who　is　become　a
prisoner；　and　from　former　wealth　and　freedom　is　now　reduced　to
servitude。　Among　his　many　misfortunes　let　my　intercession　redeem　him
from　the　one　of　being　sold　as　a　common　slave。〃　Such　a　refusal　and　such
a　request　on　the　part　of　Marcius　were　followed　with　yet　louder
acclamations；　and　he　had　many　more　admirers　of　this　generous
superiority　to　avarice；　than　of　the　bravery　he　had　shown　in　battle。
The　very　persons　who　conceived　some　envy　and　despite　to　see　him　so
specially　honoured；　could　not　but　acknowledge；　that　one　who　so　nobly
could　refuse　reward；　was　beyond　others　worthy　to　receive　it；　and
were　more　charmed　with　that　virtue　which　made　him　despise　advantage；
than　with　any　of　those　former　actions　that　have　gained　him　his　title
to　it。　It　is　the　higher　accomplishment　to　use　money　well　than　to　use
arms；　but　not　to　need　it　is　more　noble　than　to　use　it。
　　When　the　noise　of　approbation　and　applause　ceased；　Cominius；
resuming；　said：　〃It　is　idle；　fellow…soldiers；　to　force　and　obtrude
those　other　gifts　of　ours　on　one　who　is　unwilling　to　accept　them；
let　us；　therefore；　give　him　one　of　such　a　kind　that　he　cannot　well
reject　it；　let　us　pass　a　vote；　I　mean；　that　he　shall　hereafter　be
called　Coriolanus；　unless　you　think　that　his　performance　at　Corioli
has　itself　anticipated　any　such　resolution。〃　Hence；　therefore；　he
had　this　third　name　of　Coriolanus；　making　it　all　the　plainer　that
Caius　was　a　personal　proper　name；　and　the　second；　or　surname；　Marcius；
one　common　to　his　house　and　family；　the　third　being　a　subsequent
addition　which　used　to　be　imposed　either　from　some　particular　act　or
fortune；　bodily　characteristic；　or　good　quality　of　the　bearer。　Just　as
the　Greeks；　too；　gave　additional　names　in　old　time；　in　some　cases　from
some　achievement；　Soter；　for　example；　and　Callinicus；　or　personal
appearance；　as　Physcon　and　Grypus；　good　qualities；　Euergetes　and
Philadelphus；　good　fortune；　Eudaemon；　the　title　of　the　second
Battus。　Several　monarchs　have　also　had　names　given　them　in　mockery；　as
Antigonus　was　called　Doson；　and　Ptolemy；　Lathyrus。　This　sort　of
title　was　yet　more　common　among　the　Romans。　One　of　the　Metelli　was
surnamed　Diadematus；　because　he　walked　about　for　a　long　time　with　a
bandage　on　his　head　to　conceal　a　scar；　and　another；　of　the　same
family；　got　the　name　of　Celer；　from　the　rapidity　he　displayed　in
giving　a　funeral　entertainment　of　gladiators　within　a　few　days　after
his　father's　death；　his　speed　and　energy　in　doing　which　was　thought
extraordinary。　There　are　some；　too；　who　even　at　this　day　take　names
from　certain　casual　incidents　at　their　nativity：　a　child　that　is
born　when　his　father　is　away　from　home　is　called　Proculus；　or
Postumus；　if　after　his　decease；　and　when　twins　come　into　the　world；
and　one　dies　at　the　birth；　the　survivor　has　the　name　of　Vopiscus。　From
bodily　peculiarities　they　derive　not　only　their　Syllas　and　Nigers；　but
their　Caeci　and　Claudii；　wisely　endeavouring　to　accustom　their
people　not　to　reckon　either　the　loss　of　sight；　or　any　other　bodily
misfortune；　as　a　matter　of　disgrace　to　them；　but　to　answer　to　such
names　without　shame；　as　if　they　were　really　their　own。　But　this
discussion　better　befits　another　place。
　　The　war　against　the　Volscians　was　no　sooner　at　an　end；　than　the
popular　orators　revived　domestic　troubles；　and　raised　another
sedition；　without　any　new　cause　or　complaint　or　just　grievance　to
proceed　upon；　but　merely　turning　the　very　mischiefs　that　unavoidably
ensued　from　thei