the life of thomas telford-第75章
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engineer for a large sum of money。 Telford; disgusted at being made
the instrument of an apparent fraud upon the public; destroyed all
the documents relating to the scheme; and never afterwards spoke of
it except in terms of extreme indignation。
About the same time; the formation of locomotive railways was
extensively discussed; and schemes were set on foot to construct
them between several of the larger towns。 But Mr。 Telford was now
about seventy years old; and; desirous of limiting the range of his
business rather than extending it; he declined to enter upon this
new branch of engineering。 Yet; in his younger days; he had
surveyed numerous lines of railwayamongst others; one as early as
the year 1805; from Glasgow to Berwick; down the vale of the Tweed。
A line from Newcastle…on…Tyne to Carlisle was also surveyed and
reported on by him some years later; and the Stratford and Moreton
Railway was actually constructed under his direction。 He made use
of railways in all his large works of masonry; for the purpose of
facilitating the haulage of materials to the points at which they
were required to be deposited or used。 There is a paper of his on
the Inland Navigation of the County of Salop; contained in
'The Agricultural Survey of Shropshire;' in which he speaks of the
judicious use of railways; and recommends that in all future
surveys 〃it be an instruction to the engineers that they do examine
the county with a view of introducing iron railways wherever
difficulties may occur with regard to the making of navigable canals。〃
When the project of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway was started;
we are informed that he was offered the appointment of engineer;
but he declined; partly because of his advanced age; but also out
of a feeling of duty to his employers; the Canal Companies; stating
that he could not lend his name to a scheme which; if carried out;
must so materially affect their interests。
Towards the close of his life; he was afflicted by deafness; which
made him feel exceedingly uncomfortable in mixed society。 Thanks to
a healthy constitution; unimpaired by excess and invigorated by
active occupation; his working powers had lasted longer than those
of most men。 He was still cheerful; clear…headed; and skilful in
the arts of his profession; and felt the same pleasure in useful
work that he had ever done。 It was; therefore; with difficulty that
he could reconcile himself to the idea of retiring from the field
of honourable labour; which he had so long occupied; into a state
of comparative inactivity。 But he was not a man who could be idle;
and he determined; like his great predecessor Smeaton; to occupy
the remaining years of his life in arranging his engineering papers
for publication。 Vigorous though he had been; he felt that the time
was shortly approaching when the wheels of life must stand still
altogether。 Writing to a friend at Langholm; he said; 〃Having now
being occupied for about seventy…five years in incessant exertion;
I have for some time past arranged to decline the contest; but the
numerous works in which I am engaged have hitherto prevented my
succeeding。 In the mean time I occasionally amuse myself with
setting down in what manner a long life has been laboriously; and I
hope usefully; employed。〃 And again; a little later; he writes:
〃During the last twelve months I have had several rubs; at
seventy…seven they tell more seriously than formerly; and call for
less exertion and require greater precautions。 I fancy that few of
my age belonging to the valley of the Esk remain in the land of the
living。〃*'4'
One of the last works on which Mr。 Telford was professionally
consulted was at the instance of the Duke of Wellingtonnot many
years younger than himself; but of equally vigorous intellectual
powersas to the improvement of Dover Harbour; then falling
rapidly to decay。 The long…continued south…westerly gales of 1833…4
had the effect of rolling an immense quantity of shingle up Channel
towards that port; at the entrance to which it became deposited in
unusual quantities; so as to render it at times altogether
inaccessible。 The Duke; as a military man; took a more than
ordinary interest in the improvement of Dover; as the military and
naval station nearest to the French coast; and it fell to him as
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports to watch over the preservation of
the harbour; situated at a point in the English Channel which he
regarded as of great strategic importance in the event of a
continental war。 He therefore desired Mr。 Telford to visit the
place and give his opinion as to the most advisable mode of
procedure with a view to improving the harbour。 The result was a
report; in which the engineer recommended a plan of sluicing;
similar to that adopted by Mr。 Smeaton at Ramsgate; which was
afterwards carried out with considerable success by Mr。 James
Walker; C。E。
This was his last piece of professional work。 A few months later he
was laid up by bilious derangement of a serious character; which
recurred with increased violence towards the close of the year; and
on the 2nd of September; 1834; Thomas Telford closed his useful and
honoured career; at the advanced age of seventy…seven。 With that
absence of ostentation which characterised him through life; he
directed that his remains should be laid; without ceremony; in the
burial ground of the parish church of St。 Margaret's; Westminster。
But the members of the Institute of Civil Engineers; who justly
deemed him their benefactor and chief ornament; urged upon his
executors the propriety of interring him in Westminster Abbey。
'Image' Telford's Burial Place in Westminster Abbey
He was buried there accordingly; near the middle of the nave;
where the letters; 〃Thomas Telford; 1834; mark the place beneath
which he lies。*'5' The adjoining stone bears the inscription;
〃Robert Stephenson; 1859;〃 that engineer having during his life
expressed the wish that his body should be laid near that of
Telford; and the son of the Killingworth engineman thus sleeps by
the side of the son of the Eskdale shepherd。
It was a long; a successful; and a useful life which thus ended。
Every step in his upward career; from the poor peasant's hut in
Eskdale to Westminster Abbey; was nobly and valorously won。 The man
was diligent and conscientious; whether as a working mason hewing
stone blocks at Somerset House; as a foreman of builders at
Portsmouth; as a road surveyor at Shrewsbury; or as an engineer of
bridges; canals; docks; and harbours。 The success which followed
his efforts was thoroughly well…deserved。 He was laborious;
pains…taking; and skilful; but; what was better; he was honest and
upright。 He was a most reliable man; and hence he came to be
extensively trusted。 Whatever he undertook; he endeavoured to excel
in。 He would be a first…rate hewer; and he became one。 He was
himself accustomed to attribute much of his success to the thorough
way in which he had mastered the humble beginnings of this trade。
He was even of opinion that the course of manual training he had
undergone; and the drudgery; as some would call it; of daily labour
first as an apprentice; and afterwards as a journeyman mason
had been of greater service to him than if he had passed through
the curriculum of a University。
Writing to his friend; Miss Malcolm; respecting a young man who
desired to enter the engineering profession; he in the first place
endeavoured to dissuade the lady from encouraging the ambition of
her protege; the profession being overstocked; and offering very
few prizes in proportion to the large number of blanks。 〃But;〃
he added; 〃if civil engineering; notwithstanding these
discouragements; is still preferred; I may point out that the way
in which both Mr。 Rennie and myself proceeded; was to serve a
regular apprenticeship to some practical employmenthe to a
millwright; and I to a