贝壳电子书 > 英文原著电子书 > the life of thomas telford >

第59章

the life of thomas telford-第59章

小说: the life of thomas telford 字数: 每页4000字

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!






The length of the new tunnel is 2926 yards; it is 16 feet high and

14 feet broad; 4 feet 9 inches of the breadth being occupied by the

towing…pathfor 〃legging〃 was now dispensed with; and horses

hauled along the boats instead of their being thrust through by

men。 The tunnel is in so perfectly straight a line that its whole

length can be seen through at one view; and though it was

constructed by means of fifteen different pitshafts sunk to the

same line along the length of the tunnel; the workmanship is so

perfect that the joinings of the various lengths of brickwork are

scarcely discernible。  The convenience afforded by the new tunnel

was very great; and Telford mentions that; on surveying it in 1829;

he asked a boatman coming; out of it how he liked it?  〃I only

wish;〃 he replied; 〃that it reached all the way to Manchester!〃



'Image' Cross Section of Harecastle Tunnel。



At the time that Mr。 Telford was engaged upon the tunnel at

Harecastle; he was employed to improve and widen the Birmingham

Canal; another of Brindley's works。  Though the accommodation

provided by it had been sufficient for the traffic when originally

constructed; the expansion of the trade of Birmingham and the

neighbourhood; accelerated by the formation of the canal itself;

had been such as completely to outgrow its limited convenience and

capacity; and its enlargement and improvement now became absolutely

necessary。  Brindley's Canal; for the sake of cheapness of

constructionmoney being much scarcer and more difficult to be

raised in the early days of canalswas also winding and crooked;

and it was considered desirable to shorten and straighten it by

cutting off the bends at different places。   At the point at which

the canal entered Birmingham; it had become 〃little better than a

crooked ditch; with scarcely the appearance of a towing…path; the

horses frequently sliding and staggering in the water; the

hauling…lines sweeping the gravel into the canal; and the

entanglement at the meeting of boats being incessant; whilst at the

locks at each end of the short summit at Smethwick crowds of

boatmen were always quarrelling; or offering premiums for a

preference of passage; and the mine…owners; injured by the delay;

were loud in their just complaints。〃*'4'



Mr。 Telford proposed an effective measure of improvement; which

was taken in hand without loss of time; and carried out; greatly

to the advantage of the trade of the district。  The numerous bends

in the canal were cut off; the water…way was greatly widened; the

summit at Smethwick was cut down to the level on either side; and a

straight canal; forty feet wide; without a lock; was thus formed

as far as Bilston and Wolverhampton; while the length of the main

line between Birmingham and Autherley; along the whole extent of

the 〃Black country;〃 was reduced from twenty…two to fourteen miles。

At the same time the obsolete curvatures in Brindley's old canal

were converted into separate branches or basins; for the

accommodation of the numerous mines and manufactories on either

side of the main line。 In consequence of the alterations which had

been made in the canal; it was found necessary to construct

numerous large bridges。  One of thesea cast iron bridge;

at Galton; of 150 feet spanhas been much admired for its elegance;

lightness; and economy of material。 Several others of cast iron

were constructed at different points; and at one place the canal

itself is carried along on an aqueduct of the same material as at

Pont…Cysylltau。  The whole of these extensive improvements were

carried out in the short space of two years; and the result was

highly satisfactory; 〃proving;〃 as Mr。 Telford himself observes;

〃that where business is extensive; liberal expenditure of this kind

is true economy。〃



'Image' Galton Bridge; Birmingham Canal。



In 1825 Mr。 Telford was called upon to lay out a canal to connect

the Grand Trunk; at the north end of Harecastle Tunnel; with the

rapidly improving towns of Congleton and Macclesfield。  The line

was twenty…nine miles in length; ten miles on one level from

Harecastle to beyond Congleton; then; ascending 114 feet by eleven

locks; it proceeded for five miles on a level past Macclesfield;

and onward to join the Peak Forest Canal at Marple。  The navigation

was thus conducted upon two levels; each of considerable length;

and it so happened that the trade of each was in a measure

distinct; and required separate accommodation。  The traffic of the

whole of the Congleton district had ready access to the Grand Trunk

system; without the labour; expense; and delay involved by passing

the boats through locks; while the coals brought to Macclesfield to

supply the mills there were carried throughout upon the upper

level; also without lockage。  The engineer's arrangement proved

highly judicious; and furnishes an illustration of the tact and

judgment which he usually displayed in laying out his works for

practical uses。 Mr Telford largely employed cast iron in the

construction of this canal; using it in the locks and gates; as

well as in an extensive aqueduct which it was necessary to

construct over a deep ravine; after the plan pursued by him at;

Pont…Cysylltau and other places。



The last canal constructed by。  Mr。 Telford was the Birmingham and

Liverpool Junction; extending from the Birmingham Canal; near

Wolverhampton; in nearly a direct line; by Market Drayton;

Nantwich; and through the city of Chester; by the Ellesmere Canal;

to Ellesmere Port on the Mersey。  The proprietors of canals were

becoming alarmed at the numerous railways projected through the

districts heretofore served by their water…ways; and among other

projects one was set on foot; as early as 1825; for constructing a

line of railway from London to Liverpool。  Mr。 Telford was

consulted as to the best means of protecting existing investments;

and his advice was to render the canal system as complete as it

could be made; for he entertained the conviction; which has been

justified by experience; that such navigations possessed peculiar

advantages for the conveyance of heavy goods; and that; if the

interruptions presented by locks could be done away with; or

materially reduced; a large portion of the trade of the country

must continue to be carried by the water roads。  The new line

recommended by him was approved and adopted; and the works were

commenced in 1826。  A second complete route was thus opened up

between Birmingham and Liverpool; and Manchester; by which the

distance was shortened twelve miles; and the delay occasioned by

320 feet of upward and downward lockage was done away with。



Telford was justly proud of his canals; which were the finest works

of their kind that had yet been executed in England。  Capacious;

convenient; and substantial; they embodied his most ingenious

contrivances; and his highest engineering skill。  Hence we find him

writing to a friend at Langholm; that; so soon as he could find

〃sufficient leisure from his various avocations in his own

unrivalled and beloved island;〃 it was his intention to visit

France and Italy; for the purpose of ascertaining what foreigners

had been able to accomplish; compared with ourselves; in the

construction of canals; bridges; and harbours。  〃I have no doubt;〃

said he; 〃as to their inferiority。  During the war just brought to

a close; England has not only been able to guard her own head and

to carry on a gigantic struggle; but at the same time to construct

canals; roads; harbours; bridgesmagnificent works of peacethe

like of which are probably not to be found in the world。  Are not

these things worthy of a nation's pride?〃



Footnotes for Chapter X。



*'1' Mr。 Matthew Davidson; above referred to; was an excellent

officer; but a strange cynical humourist in his way。  He was a

Lowlander; and had lived for some time in England; at the Pont

Cysylltau works; where he had acquired a taste for Englis

返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 0 0

你可能喜欢的