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第46章

the life of thomas telford-第46章

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feet; the land arches being of 9 feet span。  The works were

proceeded with and the bridge was completed during the summer of

1798; Telford writing to his friend in December of that year

〃We have had a remarkably dry summer and autumn; after that an early

fall of snow and some frost; followed by rain。  The drought of the

summer was unfavourable to our canal working; but it has enabled us

to raise Bewdley Bridge as if by enchantment。  We have thus built a

magnificent bridge over the Severn in one season; which is no

contemptible work for John Simpson*'10' and your humble servant;

amidst so many other great undertakings。  John Simpson is a

treasurea man of great talents and integrity。  I met with him

here by chance; employed and recommended him; and he has now under

his charge all the works of any magnitude in this great and rich

district。〃



'Image' Bewdley Bridge。



Another of our engineer's early stone bridges; which may be

mentioned in this place; was erected by him in 1805; over the river

Dee at Tongueland in the county of Kirkcudbright。  It is a bold and

picturesque bridge; situated in a lovely locality。  The river is

very deep at high water there; the tide rising 20 feet。  As the

banks were steep and rocky; the engineer determined to bridge the

stream by a single arch of 112 feet span。  The rise being

considerable; high wingwalls and deep spandrels were requisite; but

the weight of the structure was much lightened by the expedient

which he adopted of perforating the wings; and building a number of

longitudinal walls in the spandrels; instead of filling them with

earth or inferior masonry; as had until then been the ordinary

practice。  The ends of these walls; connected and steadied by the

insertion of tee…stones; were built so as to abut against the back

of the arch…stones and the cross walls of each abutment。  Thus great

strength as well as lightness was secured; and a very graceful and

at the same time substantial bridge was provided for the

accommodation of the district。*'11'



'Image' Tongueland Bridge。



In his letters written about this time; Telford seems to have been

very full of employment; which required him to travel about a great

deal。  〃I have become;〃 said he; 〃a very wandering being; and am

scarcely ever two days in one place; unless detained by business;

which; however; occupies my time very completely。〃  At another time

he says; 〃I am tossed about like a tennis ball: the other day I was

in London; since that I have been in Liverpool; and in a few days I

expect to be at Bristol。  Such is my life; and to tell you the

truth; I think it suits my disposition。〃



Another work on which Telford was engaged at this time was a

project for supplying the town of Liverpool with water conveyed

through pipes in the same manner as had long before been adopted in

London。  He was much struck by the activity and enterprise apparent

in Liverpool compared with Bristol。  〃Liverpool;〃 he said;

〃has taken firm root in the country by means of the canals〃

it is young; vigorous; and well situated。  Bristol is sinking in

commercial importance: its merchants are rich and indolent; and in

their projects they are always too late。  Besides; the place is

badly situated。  There will probably arise another port there

somewhat nearer the Severn; but Liverpool will nevertheless

continue of the first commercial importance; and their water will

be turned into wine。  We are making rapid progress in this country

I mean from Liverpool to Bristol; and from Wales to Birmingham。

This is an extensive and rich district; abounding in coal; lime;

iron; and  lead。  Agriculture too is improving; and manufactures

are advancing at rapid strides towards perfection。  Think of such a

mass of population; industrious; intelligent; and energetic; in

continual exertion! In short; I do not believe that any part of the

world; of like dimensions; ever exceeded Great Britain; as it now

is; in regard to the production of wealth and the practice of the

useful arts。〃*'12'  Amidst all this progress; which so strikingly

characterized the western districts of England; Telford also

thought that there was a prospect of coming improvement for Ireland。

〃There is a board of five members appointed by Parliament; to act

as a board of control over all the inland navigations; &c。; of

Ireland。  One of the members is a particular friend of mine; and at

this moment a pupil; as it were; anxious for information。  This is

a noble object: the field is wide; the ground new and capable of

vast improvement。  To take up and manage the water of a fine island

is like a fairy tale; and; if properly conducted; it would render

Ireland truly a jewel among the nations。〃*'13'  It does not;

however; appear that Telford was ever employed by the board to

carry out the grand scheme which thus fired his engineering

imagination。



Mixing freely with men of all classes; our engineer seems to have

made many new friends and acquaintances about this time。  While on

his journeys north and south; he frequently took the opportunity of

looking in upon the venerable James Watt〃a great and good man;〃

he terms himat his house at Heathfield; near Birmingham。

At London he says he is 〃often with old Brodie and Black; each the

first in his profession; though they walked up together to the

great city on foot;*'14' more than half a century agoGloria!〃

About the same time we find him taking interest in the projects of

a deserving person; named Holwell; a coal…master in Staffordshire;

and assisting him to take out a patent for boring wooden pipes;

〃he being a person;〃 says Telford; 〃little known; and not having

capital; interest; or connections; to bring the matter forward。〃



Telford also kept up his literary friendships and preserved his

love for poetical reading。  At Shrewsbury; one of his most intimate

friends was Dr。 Darwin; son of the author of the 'Botanic Garden。'

At Liverpool; he made the acquaintance of Dr。 Currie; and was

favoured with a sight of his manuscript of the ' Life of Burns;'

then in course of publication。  Curiously enough; Dr。 Currie had

found among Burns's papers a copy of some verses; addressed to the

poet; which Telford recognised as his own; written many years

before while working as a mason at Langholm。  Their purport was to

urge Burns to devote himself to the composition of poems of a

serious character; such as the 'Cotter's Saturday Night。' With

Telford's permission; several extracts from his Address to Burns

were published in 1800 in Currie's Life of the poet。  Another of

his literary friendships; formed about the same time; was that with

Thomas Campbell; then a very young man; whose 'Pleasures of Hope'

had just made its appearance。  Telford; in one of his letters; says;

〃I will not leave a stone unturned to try to serve the author of

that charming poem。  In a subsequent communication*'15' he says;

〃The author of the 'Pleasures of Hope' has been here for some time。

I am quite delighted with him。  He is the very spirit of poetry。

On Monday I introduced him to the King's librarian; and I imagine

some good may result to him from the introduction。〃



In the midst of his plans of docks; canals; and bridges; he wrote

letters to his friends about the peculiarities of Goethe's poems

and Kotzebue's plays; Roman antiquities; Buonaparte's campaign in

Egypt; and the merits of the last new book。  He confessed; however;

that his leisure for reading was rapidly diminishing in consequence

of the increasing professional demands upon his time; but he bought

the 'Encyclopedia Britannica;' which he described as 〃a perfect

treasure; containing everything; and always at hand。〃  He thus

rapidly described the manner in which his time was engrossed。

〃A few days since; I attended a general assembly of the canal

proprietors in Shropshire。  I have to be at Chester again in a

week; upon an arbitration business respecting the rebuilding of the

coun

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