±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > the life of thomas telford >

µÚ18ÕÂ

the life of thomas telford-µÚ18ÕÂ

С˵£º the life of thomas telford ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡






Foreigners¡¡who¡¡visited¡¡England¡¡were¡¡peculiarly¡¡observant¡¡of¡¡the

defective¡¡modes¡¡of¡¡conveyance¡¡then¡¡in¡¡use¡£¡¡¡¡Thus£»¡¡one¡¡Don¡¡Manoel

Gonzales£»¡¡a¡¡Portuguese¡¡merchant£»¡¡who¡¡travelled¡¡through¡¡Great

Britain£»¡¡in¡¡1740£»¡¡speaking¡¡of¡¡Yarmouth£»¡¡says£»¡¡¡¨They¡¡have¡¡a¡¡comical

way¡¡of¡¡carrying¡¡people¡¡all¡¡over¡¡the¡¡town¡¡and¡¡from¡¡the¡¡seaside£»¡¡for

six¡¡pence¡£¡¡They¡¡call¡¡it¡¡their¡¡coach£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡is¡¡only¡¡a¡¡wheel¡­barrow£»

drawn¡¡by¡¡one¡¡horse£»¡¡without¡¡any¡¡covering¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡Another¡¡foreigner£»¡¡Herr

Alberti£»¡¡a¡¡Hanoverian¡¡professor¡¡of¡¡theology£»¡¡when¡¡on¡¡a¡¡visit¡¡to

Oxford¡¡in¡¡1750£»¡¡desiring¡¡to¡¡proceed¡¡to¡¡Cambridge£»¡¡found¡¡there¡¡was

no¡¡means¡¡of¡¡doing¡¡so¡¡without¡¡returning¡¡to¡¡London¡¡and¡¡there¡¡taking

coach¡¡for¡¡Cambridge¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡was¡¡not¡¡even¡¡the¡¡convenience¡¡of¡¡a

carrier's¡¡waggon¡¡between¡¡the¡¡two¡¡universities¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡most

amusing¡¡account¡¡of¡¡an¡¡actual¡¡journey¡¡by¡¡stage¡­coach¡¡that¡¡we¡¡know

of£»¡¡is¡¡that¡¡given¡¡by¡¡a¡¡Prussian¡¡clergyman£»¡¡Charles¡¡H¡£¡¡Moritz£»¡¡who

thus¡¡describes¡¡his¡¡adventures¡¡on¡¡the¡¡road¡¡between¡¡Leicester¡¡and

London¡¡in¡¡1782£º



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Being¡¡obliged£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡says£»¡¡¡¨to¡¡bestir¡¡myself¡¡to¡¡get

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡back¡¡to¡¡London£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡time¡¡drew¡¡near¡¡when¡¡the

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Hamburgh¡¡captain¡¡with¡¡whom¡¡I¡¡intended¡¡to¡¡return¡¡had

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fixed¡¡his¡¡departure£»¡¡I¡¡determined¡¡to¡¡take¡¡a¡¡place¡¡as

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡as¡¡Northampton¡¡on¡¡the¡¡outside¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡this¡¡ride¡¡from

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Leicester¡¡to¡¡Northampton¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡remember¡¡as¡¡long¡¡as¡¡I¡¡live¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡coach¡¡drove¡¡from¡¡the¡¡yard¡¡through¡¡a¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡house¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡inside¡¡passengers¡¡got¡¡in¡¡from¡¡the¡¡yard£»

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡we¡¡on¡¡the¡¡outside¡¡were¡¡obliged¡¡to¡¡clamber¡¡up¡¡in

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡street£»¡¡because¡¡we¡¡should¡¡have¡¡had¡¡no¡¡room¡¡for

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡heads¡¡to¡¡pass¡¡under¡¡the¡¡gateway¡£¡¡¡¡My¡¡companions¡¡on

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡top¡¡of¡¡the¡¡coach¡¡were¡¡a¡¡farmer£»¡¡a¡¡young¡¡man¡¡very

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡decently¡¡dressed£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡black¡­a¡­moor¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡getting¡¡up

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡alone¡¡was¡¡at¡¡the¡¡risk¡¡of¡¡one's¡¡life£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡I¡¡was

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡I¡¡was¡¡obliged¡¡to¡¡sit¡¡just¡¡at¡¡the¡¡corner¡¡of¡¡the

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡coach£»¡¡with¡¡nothing¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡by¡¡but¡¡a¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡little

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡handle¡¡fastened¡¡on¡¡the¡¡side¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡sat¡¡nearest¡¡the¡¡wheel£»

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡the¡¡moment¡¡that¡¡we¡¡set¡¡off¡¡I¡¡fancied¡¡that¡¡I¡¡saw

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡certain¡¡death¡¡before¡¡me¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡I¡¡could¡¡do¡¡was¡¡to¡¡take

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡tighter¡¡hold¡¡of¡¡the¡¡handle£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡be¡¡strictly

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡careful¡¡to¡¡preserve¡¡my¡¡balance¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡machine¡¡rolled

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡along¡¡with¡¡prodigious¡¡rapidity¡¡over¡¡the¡¡stones

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡the¡¡town£»¡¡and¡¡every¡¡moment¡¡we¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡fly

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡the¡¡air£»¡¡so¡¡much¡¡so¡¡that¡¡it¡¡appeared¡¡to¡¡me¡¡a

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡complete¡¡miracle¡¡that¡¡we¡¡stuck¡¡to¡¡the¡¡coach¡¡at¡¡all¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡we¡¡were¡¡completely¡¡on¡¡the¡¡wing¡¡as¡¡often¡¡as¡¡we

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡passed¡¡through¡¡a¡¡village¡¡or¡¡went¡¡down¡¡a¡¡hill¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨This¡¡continual¡¡fear¡¡of¡¡death¡¡at¡¡last¡¡became

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡insupportable¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡and£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡no¡¡sooner¡¡were

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡crawling¡¡up¡¡a¡¡rather¡¡steep¡¡hill£»¡¡and¡¡consequently

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡proceeding¡¡slower¡¡than¡¡usual£»¡¡then¡¡I¡¡carefully¡¡crept

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡the¡¡top¡¡of¡¡the¡¡coach£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡lucky¡¡enough¡¡to

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡get¡¡myself¡¡snugly¡¡ensconced¡¡in¡¡the¡¡basket¡¡behind¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨'O£»Sir£»¡¡you¡¡will¡¡be¡¡shaken¡¡to¡¡death£¡'¡¡said¡¡the

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡black¡­a¡­moor£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡heeded¡¡him¡¡not£»¡¡trusting¡¡that¡¡he

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡exaggerating¡¡the¡¡unpleasantness¡¡of¡¡my¡¡new

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡situation¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡truly£»¡¡as¡¡long¡¡as¡¡we¡¡went¡¡on¡¡slowly¡¡up

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡hill¡¡it¡¡was¡¡easy¡¡and¡¡pleasant¡¡enough£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡was

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡just¡¡on¡¡the¡¡point¡¡of¡¡falling¡¡asleep¡¡among¡¡the

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡surrounding¡¡trunks¡¡and¡¡packages£»¡¡having¡¡had¡¡no¡¡rest

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡night¡¡before£»¡¡when¡¡on¡¡a¡¡sudden¡¡the¡¡coach

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡proceeded¡¡at¡¡a¡¡rapid¡¡rate¡¡down¡¡the¡¡hill¡£¡¡¡¡Then¡¡all¡¡the

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡boxes£»¡¡iron¡­nailed¡¡and¡¡copper¡­fastened£»¡¡began£»¡¡as¡¡it

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were£»¡¡to¡¡dance¡¡around¡¡me£»¡¡everything¡¡in¡¡the¡¡basket

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡appeared¡¡to¡¡be¡¡alive£»¡¡and¡¡every¡¡moment¡¡I¡¡received

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡violent¡¡blows¡¡that¡¡I¡¡thought¡¡my¡¡last¡¡hour¡¡had

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡come¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡black¡­a¡­moor¡¡had¡¡been¡¡right£»¡¡I¡¡now¡¡saw

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡clearly£»¡¡but¡¡repentance¡¡was¡¡useless£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡was

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡obliged¡¡to¡¡suffer¡¡horrible¡¡torture¡¡for¡¡nearly¡¡an

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hour£»¡¡which¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡me¡¡an¡¡eternity¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡last¡¡we¡¡came

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡another¡¡hill£»¡¡when£»¡¡quite¡¡shaken¡¡to¡¡pieces£»

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡bleeding£»¡¡and¡¡sore£»¡¡I¡¡ruefully¡¡crept¡¡back¡¡to¡¡the¡¡top

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡coach¡¡to¡¡my¡¡former¡¡seat¡£¡¡¡¡'Ah£»¡¡did¡¡I¡¡not¡¡tell

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡that¡¡you¡¡would¡¡be¡¡shaken¡¡to¡¡death£¿'¡¡inquired¡¡the

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡black¡¡man£»¡¡when¡¡I¡¡was¡¡creeping¡¡along¡¡on¡¡my¡¡stomach¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡I¡¡gave¡¡him¡¡no¡¡reply¡£¡¡¡¡Indeed£»¡¡I¡¡was¡¡ashamed£»¡¡and¡¡I

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡write¡¡this¡¡as¡¡a¡¡warning¡¡to¡¡all¡¡strangers¡¡who¡¡are

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡inclined¡¡to¡¡ride¡¡in¡¡English¡¡stage¡­coaches£»¡¡and¡¡take

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡outside¡¡at£»¡¡or£»¡¡worse¡¡still£»¡¡horror¡¡of¡¡horrors£»¡¡a

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡seat¡¡in¡¡the¡¡basket¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨From¡¡Harborough¡¡to¡¡Northampton¡¡I¡¡had¡¡a¡¡most¡¡dreadful

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡journey¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡rained¡¡incessantly£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡before¡¡we¡¡had

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡covered¡¡with¡¡dust£»¡¡so¡¡now¡¡we¡¡were¡¡soaked¡¡with

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rain¡£¡¡¡¡My¡¡neighbour£»¡¡the¡¡young¡¡man¡¡who¡¡sat¡¡next¡¡me¡¡in

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡middle£»¡¡every¡¡now¡¡and¡¡then¡¡fell¡¡asleep£»¡¡and¡¡when

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡this¡¡state¡¡he¡¡perpetually¡¡bolted¡¡and¡¡rolled

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡me£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡weight¡¡of¡¡his¡¡body£»¡¡more

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡once¡¡nearly¡¡pushing¡¡me¡¡from¡¡my¡¡seat£»¡¡to¡¡which¡¡I

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡clung¡¡with¡¡the¡¡last¡¡strength¡¡of¡¡despair¡£¡¡¡¡My¡¡forces

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡nearly¡¡giving¡¡way£»¡¡when¡¡at¡¡last£»¡¡happily£»¡¡we

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡reached¡¡Northampton£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡evening¡¡of¡¡the¡¡14th¡¡July£»

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1782£»¡¡an¡¡ever¡­memorable¡¡day¡¡to¡¡me¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨On¡¡the¡¡next¡¡morning£»¡¡I¡¡took¡¡an¡¡inside¡¡place¡¡for

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡London¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡started¡¡early¡¡in¡¡the¡¡morning¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡journey

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡Northampton¡¡to¡¡the¡¡metropolis£»¡¡however£»¡¡I¡¡can

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡scarcely¡¡call¡¡a¡¡ride£»¡¡for¡¡it¡¡was¡¡a¡¡perpetual¡¡motion£»

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡endless¡¡jolt¡¡from¡¡one¡¡place¡¡to¡¡another£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡close

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡wooden¡¡box£»¡¡over¡¡what¡¡appeared¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡heap¡¡of¡¡unhewn

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡stones¡¡and¡¡trunks¡¡of¡¡trees¡¡scattered¡¡by¡¡a¡¡hurricane¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡make¡¡my¡¡happiness¡¡complete£»¡¡I¡¡had¡¡three¡¡travelling

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡companions£»¡¡all¡¡farmers£»¡¡who¡¡slept¡¡so¡¡soundly¡¡that

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡the¡¡hearty¡¡knocks¡¡with¡¡which¡¡they¡¡hammered¡¡their

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡heads¡¡against¡¡each¡¡other¡¡and¡¡against¡¡mine¡¡did¡¡not

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡awake¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡Their¡¡faces£»¡¡bloated¡¡and¡¡discoloured¡¡by

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ale¡¡and¡¡brandy¡¡and¡¡the¡¡knocks¡¡aforesaid£»¡¡looked£»¡¡as

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡lay¡¡before¡¡me£»¡¡like¡¡so¡¡many¡¡lumps¡¡of¡¡dead¡¡flesh¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨I¡¡looked£»¡¡and¡¡certainly¡¡felt£»¡¡like¡¡a¡¡crazy¡¡fool¡¡when

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡arrived¡¡at¡¡London¡¡in¡¡the¡¡afternoon¡£¡¨*£§3£§



£§Image£§¡¡The¡¡Basket¡¡Coach£»¡¡1780¡£



Arthur¡¡Young£»¡¡in¡¡his¡¡books£»¡¡inveighs¡¡strongly¡¡against¡¡the¡¡execrable

state¡¡of¡¡the¡¡roads¡¡in¡¡all¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡England¡¡towards¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡last

century¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡Essex¡¡he¡¡found¡¡the¡¡ruts¡¡¡¨of¡¡an¡¡incredible¡¡depth£»¡¨

and¡¡he¡¡almost¡¡swore¡¡at¡¡one¡¡near¡¡Tilbury¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨Of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡cursed¡¡roads£»

¡¨he¡¡says£»¡¡¡¨that¡¡ever¡¡disgraced¡¡this¡¡kingdom¡¡in¡¡the¡¡very¡¡ages¡¡of

barbarism£»¡¡none¡¡ever¡¡equalled¡¡that¡¡from¡¡Billericay¡¡to¡¡the¡¡King's

Head¡¡at¡¡Tilbury¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡for¡¡near¡¡twelve¡¡miles¡¡so¡¡narrow¡¡that¡¡a

mouse¡¡cannot¡¡pass¡¡by¡¡any¡¡carriage¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡a¡¡fellow¡¡creep¡¡under¡¡his

waggon¡¡to¡¡assist¡¡me¡¡to¡¡lift£»¡¡if¡¡possible£»¡¡my¡¡chaise¡¡over¡¡a¡¡hedge¡£

To¡¡add¡¡to¡¡all¡¡the¡¡infamous¡¡circumstances¡¡which¡¡concur¡¡to¡¡plague¡¡a

traveller£»¡¡I¡¡must¡¡not¡¡forget¡¡the¡¡eternally¡¡meeting¡¡with¡¡chalk

waggons£»¡¡themselves¡¡frequently¡¡stuck¡¡fast£»¡¡till¡¡a¡¡collection¡¡of

them¡¡are¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡situation£»¡¡and¡¡twenty¡¡or¡¡thirty¡¡horses¡¡may¡¡be

tacked¡¡to¡¡each¡¡to¡¡draw¡¡them¡¡out¡¡one¡¡by¡¡one£¡¡¨*£§4£§¡¡¡¡Yet¡¡will¡¡it¡¡be

believed£»¡¡the¡¡proposal¡¡to¡¡form¡¡a¡¡turnpike¡­road¡¡from¡¡Chelmsford¡¡to

Tilbury¡¡was¡¡resisted¡¡¡¨by¡¡the¡¡Bruins¡¡of¡¡the¡¡country£»¡¡¡¡whose¡¡horses

were¡¡worried¡¡to¡¡death¡¡with¡¡bringing¡¡chalk¡¡through¡¡those¡¡vile

roads£¡¡¨



Arthur¡¡Young¡¡did¡¡not¡¡find¡¡the¡¡turnpike¡¡any¡¡better¡¡between¡¡Bury¡¡and

Sudbury£»¡¡in¡¡Suffolk£º¡¡¡¨I¡¡was¡¡forced¡¡to¡¡move¡¡as¡¡slow¡¡in¡¡it£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡says£»

¡¨as¡¡in¡¡any¡¡unmended¡¡lane¡¡in¡¡Wales¡£¡¡¡¡For£»¡¡ponds¡¡of¡¡liquid¡¡dirt£»¡¡and

a¡¡¡¡scattering¡¡of¡¡loose¡¡flints¡¡just¡¡sufficient¡¡to¡¡lame¡¡every¡¡horse

that¡¡¡¡moves¡¡near¡¡them£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡addition¡¡of¡¡cutting¡¡vile¡¡grips

across¡¡the¡¡¡¡road¡¡under¡¡the¡¡pretence¡¡of¡¡letting¡¡the¡¡water¡¡off£»¡¡but

without¡¡effect£»¡¡altogether¡¡render¡¡at¡¡least¡¡twelve¡¡out¡¡of¡¡these

sixteen¡¡miles¡¡as¡¡infamous¡¡a¡¡turnpike¡¡as¡¡ever¡¡was¡¡beheld¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡Between

Tetsworth¡¡and¡¡Oxford¡¡he¡¡found¡¡the¡¡so¡­called¡¡turnpike¡¡abounding¡¡in

loose¡¡stones¡¡as¡¡large¡¡as¡¡one's¡¡head£»¡¡full¡¡of¡¡holes£»¡¡deep¡¡ruts£»¡¡and

withal¡¡so¡¡narrow¡¡that¡¡with¡¡great¡¡difficulty¡¡he¡¡got¡¡his¡¡chaise¡¡out

of¡¡the¡¡way¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Witney¡¡waggons¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨Barbarous¡¨¡¡and¡¡¡¨execrable¡¨¡¡are

the¡¡words¡¡which¡¡he¡¡constantly¡¡employs¡¡in¡¡speaking¡¡of¡¡the¡¡roa

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ