hero tales from american history-第2章
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under the famous elm tree； he was the embodiment of the American Revolution； and without him that revolution would have failed almost at the start。 How he carried it to victory through defeat and trial and every possible obstacle is known to all men。
When it was all over he found himself facing a new situation。 He was the idol of the country and of his soldiers。 The army was unpaid； and the veteran troops； with arms in their hands； were eager to have him take control of the disordered country as Cromwell had done in England a little more than a century before。 With the army at his back； and supported by the great forces which； in every community； desire order before everything else； and are ready to assent to any arrangement which will bring peace and quiet； nothing would have been easier than for Washington to have made himself the ruler of the new nation。 But that was not his conception of duty； and he not only refused to have anything to do with such a movement himself； but he repressed； by his dominant personal influence； all such intentions on the part of the army。 On the 23d of December； 1783； he met the Congress at Annapolis； and there resigned his commission。 What he then said is one of the two most memorable speeches ever made in the United States； and is also memorable for its meaning and spirit among all speeches ever made by men。 He spoke as follows：
Mr。 President：The great events on which my resignation depended having at length taken place； I have now the honor of offering my sincere congratulations to Congress； and of presenting myself before them； to surrender into their hands the trust committed to me and to claim the indulgence of retiring from the service of my country。
Happy in the confirmation of our independence and sovereignity and pleased with the opportunity afforded the United States of becoming a respectable nation； I resign with satisfaction the appointment I accepted with diffidence； a diffidence in my abilities to accomplish so arduous a task； which； however； was superseded by a confidence in the rectitude of our cause； the support of the supreme power of the Union； and the patronage of Heaven。
The successful termination of the war has verified the most sanguine expectations； and my gratitude for the interposition of Providence and the assistance I have received from my countrymen increases with every review of the momentous contest。
While I repeat my obligations to the Army in general； I should do injustice to my own feelings not to acknowledge； in this place； the peculiar services and distinguished merits of the Gentlemen who have been attached to my person during the war。 It was impossible that the choice of confidential officers to compose my family should have been more fortunate。 Permit me； sir； to recommend in particular those who have continued in service to the present moment as worthy of the favorable notice and patronage of Congress。
I consider it an indispensable duty to close this last solemn act of my official life by commending the interests of our dearest country to the protection of Almighty God； and those who have the superintendence of them to His holy keeping。
Having now finished the work assigned me； I retire from the great theatre of action； and； bidding an affectionate farewell to this august body； under whose orders I have so long acted； I here offer my commission and take my leave of all the employments of public life。〃
The great master of English fiction； writing of this scene at Annapolis； says： 'Which was the most splendid spectacle ever witnessedthe opening feast of Prince George in London； or the resignation of Washington？ Which is the noble character for after ages to admireyon fribble dancing in lace and spangles； or yonder hero who sheathes his sword after a life of spotless honor； a purity unreproached； a courage indomitable and a consummate victory？〃
Washington did not refuse the dictatorship； or； rather； the opportunity to take control of the country； because he feared heavy responsibility； but solely because； as a high…minded and patriotic man； he did not believe in meeting the situation in that way。 He was； moreover； entirely devoid of personal ambition； and had no vulgar longing for personal power。 After resigning his commission he returned quietly to Mount Vernon； but he did not hold himself aloof from public affairs。 On the contrary； he watched their course with the utmost anxiety。 He saw the feeble Confederation breaking to pieces； and he soon realized that that form of government was an utter failure。 In a time when no American statesman except Hamilton had yet freed himself from the local feelings of the colonial days； Washington was thoroughly national in all his views。 Out of the thirteen jarring colonies he meant that a nation should come； and he sawwhat no one else sawthe destiny of the country to the westward。 He wished a nation founded which should cross the Alleghanies； and； holding the mouths of the Mississippi； take possession of all that vast and then unknown region。 For these reasons he stood at the head of the national movement； and to him all men turned who desired a better union and sought to bring order out of chaos。 With him Hamilton and Madison consulted in the preliminary stages which were to lead to the formation of a new system。 It was his vast personal influence which made that movement a success； and when the convention to form a constitution met at Philadelphia； he presided over its deliberations； and it was his commanding will which； more than anything else； brought a constitution through difficulties and conflicting interests which more than once made any result seem well…nigh hopeless。 When the Constitution formed at Philadelphia had been ratified by the States； all men turned to Washington to stand at the head of the new government。 As he had borne the burden of the Revolution； so he now took up the task of bringing the government of the Constitution into existence。 For eight years he served as president。 He came into office with a paper constitution； the heir of a bankrupt； broken…down confederation。 He left the United States； when he went out of office； an effective and vigorous government。 When he was inaugurated； we had nothing but the clauses of the Constitution as agreed to by the Convention。 When he laid down the presidency； we had an organized government； an established revenue； a funded debt； a high credit； an efficient system of banking； a strong judiciary； and an army。 We had a vigorous and well…defined foreign policy； we had recovered the western posts； which； in the hands of the British； had fettered our march to the west； and we had proved our power to maintain order at home； to repress insurrection； to collect the national taxes； and to enforce the laws made by Congress。 Thus Washington had shown that rare combination of the leader who could first destroy by revolution； and who； having led his country through a great civil war； was then able to build up a new and lasting fabric upon the ruins of a system which had been overthrown。 At the close of his official service he returned again to Mount Vernon； and； after a few years of quiet retirement； died just as the century in which he had played so great a part was closing。
Washington stands among the greatest men of human history； and those in the same rank with him are very few。 Whether measured by what he did； or what he was； or by the effect of his work upon the history of mankind； in every aspect he is entitled to the place he holds among the greatest of his race。 Few men in all time have such a record of achievement。 Still fewer can show at the end of a career so crowded with high deeds and memorable victories a life so free from spot； a character so unselfish and so pure； a fame so void of doubtful points demanding either defense or explanation。 Eulogy of such a life is needless； but it is always important to recall and to freshly remember just what manner of man he was。 In the first place he was physically a striking figure。 He was very tall； powerfully made； with a strong； handsome face。 He was remarkably muscular and powerful。 As a boy he was a leader in all outdoor sports。 No one could fling the bar further than he； and no one could
