the women of the french salons-第19章
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ughts crystallize with wonderful brilliancy； and the world is reflected in a thousand varying colors。 The sparkling wit； the swift judgment； the subtle insight； the lightness of touch； the indefinable charm of stylethese belong to her temperament and her genius。 But the clearness； the justness of expression； the precision； the simplicity that was never banalsuch qualities nature does not bestow。 One must find their source in careful training； in wise criticism； in early familiarity with good models。
Living from 1626 to 1696； Mme。 de Sevigne was en rapport with the best life of the great century of French letters。 She was the granddaughter of the mystical Mme。 de Chantal； who was too much occupied with her convents and her devotions to give much attention to the little Marie； left an orphan at the age of six years。 The child did not inherit much of her grandmother's spirit of reverence； and at a later period was wont to indulge in many harmless pleasantries about her pious ancestress and 〃our grandfather； St。 Francois de Sales。〃 Deprived so early of the care of a mother； she was brought up by an uncle； the good Abbe de Coulangesthe 〃Bien…Bon〃whose life was devoted to her interests。 Though born in the Place Royale； that long…faded center of so much that was brilliant and fascinating two centuries ago； much of her youth was passed in the family chateau at Livry； where she was carefully educated in a far more solid fashion than was usual among the women of her time。 She had an early introduction to the Hotel de Rambouillet； and readily caught its intellectual tastes； though she always retained a certain bold freedom of speech and manners； quite opposed to its spirit。
Her instructors were Chapelain and Menage； both honored habitues of that famous salon。 The first was a dull poet； a profound scholar； somewhat of a pedant； and notoriously careless in his dressle vieux Chapelain； his irreverent pupil used to call him。 When he died of apoplexy； years afterwards； she wrote to her daughter： 〃He confesses by pressing the hand； he is like a statue in his chair。 So God confounds the pride of philosophers。〃 But he taught her Latin； Spanish； and Italian； made her familiar with the beauties of Virgil and Tasso； and gave her a critical taste for letters。
Menage was younger； and aspired to be a man of the world as well as a savant。 Repeating one day the remark of a friend； that out of ten things he knew he had learned nine in conversation； he added； 〃I could say about the same thing myself〃a confession that savors more of the salon than of the library。 He had a good deal of learning； but much pretension； and Moliere has given him an undesirable immortality as Vadius in 〃Les Femmes Savantes；〃 in company with his deadly enemy； the Abbe Cotin； who figures as 〃Trissotin。〃 It appears that the susceptible savant lost his heart to his lively pupil； and sighed not only in secret but quite openly。 He wrote her bad verses in several languages； loaded her with eulogies； and followed her persistently。 〃The name of Mme。 de Sevigne；〃 said the Bishop of Laon； 〃is in the works of Menage what Bassan's dog is in his portraits。 He cannot help putting it there。〃 She treated him in a sisterly fashion that put to flight all sentimental illusions； but she had often to pacify his wounded vanity。 One day； in the presence of several friends； she gave him a greeting rather more cordial than dignified。 Noticing the looks of surprise； she turned away laughing and said； 〃So they kissed in the primitive church。〃 But the wide knowledge and scholarly criticism of Menage were of great value to the versatile woman； who speedily surpassed her master in style if not in learning。 Evidently she appreciated him； since she addressed him in one of her letters as 〃friend of all friends； the best。〃
At eighteen the gay and unconventional Marie de Rabutin…Chantal was married to the Marquis de Sevigne； but her period of happiness was a short one。 The husband； who was rich； handsome； and agreeable； proved weak and faithless。 He was one of the temporary caprices of the dangerous Ninon； led a dashing； irresponsible life； spent his fortune recklessly； and left his pretty young wife to weep alone at a convenient distance； under the somber skies of Brittany。 Fortunately for her and for posterity； his career was rapid and brief。 For some trifling affair of so…called honora quality of which； from our point of view； he does not seem to have possessed enough to be worth the trouble of defendinghe had the kindness to get himself killed in a duel； after seven years of marriage。 His spirited wife had loved him sincerely； and first illusions die slowly。 She shed many bitter and natural tears； but she never showed any disposition to repeat the experiment。 Perhaps she was of the opinion of another young widow who thought it 〃a fine thing to bear the name of a man who can commit no more follies。〃 But it is useless to speculate upon the reasons why a woman does or does not marry。 It is certain that the love of her two children filled the heart of Mme。 de Sevigne； her future life was devoted to their training； and to repairing a fortune upon which her husband's extravagance had made heavy inroads。
But the fascinating widow of twenty…five had a dangerous path to tread。 That she lived in a society so lax and corrupt； unprotected and surrounded by distinguished admirers； without a shadow of suspicion having fallen upon her fair reputation is a strong proof of her good judgment and her discretion。 She was not a great beauty； though the flattering verses of her poet friends might lead one to think so。 A complexion fresh and fair； eyes of remarkable brilliancy； an abundance of blond hair； a face mobile and animated； and a fine figurethese were her visible attractions。 She danced well； sang well； talked well； and had abounding health。 Mme。 de La Fayette made a pen…portrait of her； which was thought to be strikingly true。 It was in the form of a letter from an unknown man。 A few extracts will serve to bring her more vividly before us。
〃Your mind so adorns and embellishes your person； that there is no one in the world so fascinating when you are animated by a conversation from which constraint is banished。 All that you say has such a charm； and becomes you so well； that the words attract the Smiles and the Graces around you； the brilliancy of your intellect gives such luster to your complexion and your eyes； that although it seems that wit should touch only the ears； yours dazzles the sight。
〃Your soul is great and elevated。 You are sensitive to glory and to ambition； and not less so to pleasures； you were born for them and they seem to have been made for you 。 。 。 In a word； joy is the true state of your soul； and grief is as contrary to it as possible。 You are naturally tender and impassioned； there was never a heart so generous； so noble； so faithful 。 。 。 You are the most courteous and amiable person that ever lived； and the sweet； frank air which is seen in all your actions makes the simplest compliments of politeness seem from your lips protestations of friendship。〃
Mlle。 de Scudery sketches her as the Princesse Clarinte in 〃Clelie；〃 concluding with these words： 〃I have never seen together so many attractions； so much gaiety； so much coquetry； so much light； so much innocence and virtue。 No one ever understood better the art of having grace without affectation； raillery without malice； gaiety without folly； propriety without constraint； and virtue without severity。〃
Her malicious cousin； Bussy…Rabutin； who was piqued by her indifference； and basely wished to avenge himself； said that her 〃warmth was in her intellect；〃 that for a woman of quality she was too badine； too economical； too keenly alive to her own interests； that she made too much account of a few trifling words from the queen； and was too evidently flattered when the king danced with her。 This opinion of a vain and jealous man is not entitled to great consideration； especially when we recall that he had already spoken of her as 〃the delight of mankind；：〃 and said that antiquity would have dressed altars for her and she would 〃surely have been goddess of something。〃 The most incomprehens
