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misc writings and speeches(米斯克说与写3)-第2章

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language。 But; though Christchurch could boast of many good Latinists; of 

many      good    English    writers;    and   of  a   greater   number     of   clever   and 

fashionable men of the world than belonged to any other academic body; 

there was not then in the college a single man capable of distinguishing 

between   the   infancy   and   the   dotage   of   Greek   literature。   So   superficial 

indeed was the   learning of   the   rulers of   this   celebrated society  that   they 

were charmed by an essay which Sir William Temple published in praise 

of the ancient writers。 It now seems strange that even the eminent public 

services; the deserved popularity; and the graceful style of Temple should 

have saved so silly a performance from universal contempt。 Of the books 

which   he   most   vehemently   eulogised   his   eulogies   proved   that   he   knew 

nothing。  In   fact;   he   could   not   read   a  line   of   the   language   in   which   they 

were written。 Among many other foolish things; he said that the letters of 

Phalaris were the oldest letters and also the best in the world。 Whatever 

Temple wrote attracted notice。 People who had never heard of the Epistles 

of   Phalaris   began   to   inquire   about   them。  Aldrich;   who   knew   very   little 

Greek;   took   the   word   of   Temple   who   knew   none;   and   desired   Boyle   to 

prepare a new edition of these admirable compositions which; having long 

slept in obscurity; had become on a sudden objects of general interest。 

     The edition was prepared with the help of Atterbury; who was Boyle's 

tutor; and of some other members of the college。 It was an edition such as 

might be expected from people who would stoop to edite such a book。 The 

notes   were   worthy   of   the   text;   the   Latin   version   worthy   of   the   Greek 

original。   The   volume   would   have   been   forgotten   in   a   month;   had   not   a 

misunderstanding about a manuscript arisen between the young editor and 

the greatest scholar that had appeared in Europe since the revival of letters; 

Richard Bentley。 The manuscript was in Bentley's keeping。 Boyle wished 

it to be collated。 A mischief…making bookseller informed him that Bentley 

had refused to lend it; which was false; and also that Bentley had spoken 

contemptuously of the letters attributed to Phalaris; and of the critics who 

were taken in by such counterfeits; which was perfectly true。 Boyle; much 

provoked; paid; in his preface; a bitterly ironical compliment to Bentley's 

courtesy。   Bentley   revenged   himself   by   a   short   dissertation;   in   which   he 



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        THE MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS AND SPEECHES OF LORD MACAULAY。 



proved      that  the   epistles   were    spurious;    and    the  new    edition    of  them 

worthless:      but   he   treated    Boyle    personally     with    civility   as  a   young 

gentleman        of    great    hopes;     whose      love    of    learning     was     highly 

commendable; and who deserved to have had better instructors。 

     Few   things   in   literary   history   are   more   extraordinary   than   the   storm 

which      this  little  dissertation     raised。   Bentley     had    treated   Boyle     with 

forbearance;       but   he  had    treated   Christchurch       with   contempt;     and    the 

Christchurch…men;   wherever   dispersed;   were   as   much   attached   to   their 

college   as   a   Scotchman   to   his   country;   or   a   Jesuit   to   his   order。   Their 

influence was great。 They were dominant at Oxford; powerful in the Inns 

of Court and in the College of Physicians; conspicuous in Parliament and 

in the literary and fashionable circles of London。 Their unanimous cry was; 

that    the  honour     of   the  college    must    be   vindicated;     that   the  insolent 

Cambridge pedant must be put down。 Poor Boyle was unequal to the task; 

and disinclined to it。 It was; therefore; assigned to his tutor; Atterbury。 

     The answer to Bentley; which bears the name of Boyle; but which was; 

in   truth;   no   more     the  work     of  Boyle     than   the   letters   to  which     the 

controversy   related   were   the   work   of   Phalaris;   is   now   read   only   by   the 

curious; and will in all probability never be reprinted again。 But it had its 

day of noisy popularity。 It was to be found; not only in the studies of men 

of letters; but on the tables of the   most brilliant drawing…rooms of   Soho 

Square and Covent Garden。 Even the beaus and coquettes of that age; the 

Wildairs      and   the   Lady    Lurewells;     the   Mirabells     and    the  Millaments; 

congratulated each other on the way in which the gay young gentleman; 

whose   erudition   sate   so   easily   upon   him;   and   who   wrote   with   so   much 

pleasantry   and   good   breeding   about   the Attic   dialect   and   the   anapaestic 

measure; Sicilian talents and Thericlean cups; had bantered the queer prig 

of a doctor。 Nor was the applause of the multitude undeserved。 The book 

is;   indeed;    Atterbury's     masterpiece;      and   gives   a   higher    notion   of   his 

powers than any of those   works to which he put his name。 That he   was 

altogether   in   the   wrong   on   the   main   question;   and   on   all   the   collateral 

questions   springing   out   of   it;   that   his   knowledge   of   the   language;   the 

literature; and the history of Greece was not equal to what many freshmen 

now bring up every year to Cambridge and Oxford; and that some of his 



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       THE MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS AND SPEECHES OF LORD MACAULAY。 



blunders seem rather to deserve a flogging than a refutation; is true; and 

therefore it is that his performance is; in the highest degree; interesting and 

valuable     to  a  judicious    reader。   It  is  good   by   reason    of  its  exceeding 

badness。   It   is   the   most   extraordinary   instance   that   exists   of   the   art   of 

making much show  with little substance。 There is no   difficulty; says   the 

steward of Moliere's miser; in giving a fine dinner with plenty of money: 

the really great cook is he who can set out a banquet with no money at all。 

That Bentley  should   have   written excellently  on   ancient   chronology  and 

geography; on the development of the Greek language; and the origin of 

the Greek drama; is not strange。  But that Atterbury should; during some 

years; have been thought to have treated these subjects much better than 

Bentley is strange indeed。 It is true that the champion of Christchurch had 

all the help which the most celebrated members of that society could give 

him。 Smalridge contributed some very good wit; Friend and others some 

very   bad   archaeology   and   philology。   But   the   greater   part   of   the   volume 

was entirely Atterbury's: what was not his own was revised and retouched 

by him: and the whole bears the mark of his mind; a mind inexhaustibly 

rich in all the resources of controversy; and familiar with all the artifices 

which make falsehood look like truth; and ignorance like knowledge。 He 

had   little   gold;   but   he   beat   that   little   out   to   the   very   thinnest   leaf;   and 

spread it over so vast a surface that to those who judged by a glance; and 

who did not resort to balances and tests; the glittering heap of worthless 

matter which he produced seemed to be an inestimable treasure of massy 

bullion。 Such arguments as he had he placed in the clearest light。 Where he 

had     no   arguments;      he   resorted    to  personalities;     sometimes      serious; 

generally ludicrous; always clever and cutting。 But; whether he was grave 

or   merry;   whether   he   reasoned   or   sneered;   his   style   was   always   pure; 

polished; and easy。 

   

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