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第11章

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doctrines fell on the most unlettered & ignorant men; who wrote; too;

from memory; & not till long after the transactions had passed。




        3。 According to the ordinary fate of those who attempt to

enlighten and reform mankind; he fell an early victim to the jealousy

& combination of the altar and the throne; at about 33。 years of age;

his reason having not yet attained the _maximum_ of its energy; nor

the course of his preaching; which was but of 3。  years at most;

presented occasions for developing a complete system of morals。




        4。 Hence the doctrines which he really delivered were defective

as a whole; and fragments only of what he did deliver have come to us

mutilated; misstated; & often unintelligible。




        5。 They have been still more disfigured by the corruptions of

schismatising followers; who have found an interest in sophisticating

& perverting the simple doctrines he taught by engrafting on them the

mysticisms of a Grecian sophist; frittering them into subtleties; &

obscuring them with jargon; until they have caused good men to reject

the whole in disgust; & to view Jesus himself as an impostor。




        Notwithstanding these disadvantages; a system of morals is

presented to us; which; if filled up in the true style and spirit of

the rich fragments he left us; would be the most perfect and sublime

that has ever been taught by man。




        The question of his being a member of the Godhead; or in direct

communication with it; claimed for him by some of his followers; and

denied by others; is foreign to the present view; which is merely an

estimate of the intrinsic merit of his doctrines。




        1。 He corrected the Deism of the Jews; confirming them in their

belief of one only God; and giving them juster notions of his

attributes and government。




        2。 His moral doctrines; relating to kindred & friends; were

more pure & perfect than those of the most correct of the

philosophers; and greatly more so than those of the Jews; and they

went far beyond both in inculcating universal philanthropy; not only

to kindred and friends; to neighbors and countrymen; but to all

mankind; gathering all into one family; under the bonds of love;

charity; peace; common wants and common aids。  A development of this

head will evince the peculiar superiority of the system of Jesus over

all others。




        3。 The precepts of philosophy; & of the Hebrew code; laid hold

of actions only。  He pushed his scrutinies into the heart of man;

erected his tribunal in the region of his thoughts; and purified the

waters at the fountain head。




 

        4。 He taught; emphatically; the doctrines of a future state;

which was either doubted; or disbelieved by the Jews; and wielded it

with efficacy; as an important incentive; supplementary to the other

motives to moral conduct。







        EXPEDITION TO THE PACIFIC




        _Instructions to Captain Lewis_

        _June 20; 1803_




        To Merryweather Lewis; Esq。; Captain of the 1st Regiment of

Infantry of the United States of America。




        Your situation as Secretary of the President of the United

States has made you acquainted with the objects of my confidential

message of Jan。 18; 1803; to the legislature。  You have seen the act

they passed; which; tho' expressed in general terms; was meant to

sanction those objects; and you are appointed to carry them into

execution。




        Instruments for ascertaining by celestial observations the

geography of the country thro' which you will pass; have been already

provided。  Light articles for barter; & presents among the Indians;

arms for your attendants; say for from 10 to 12 men; boats; tents; &

other travelling apparatus; with ammunition; medicine; surgical

instruments & provision you will have prepared with such aids as the

Secretary at War can yield in his department; & from him also you

will receive authority to engage among our troops; by voluntary

agreement; the number of attendants above mentioned; over whom you;

as their commanding officer are invested with all the powers the laws

give in such a case。




        As your movements while within the limits of the U。S。 will be

better directed by occasional communications; adapted to

circumstances as they arise; they will not be noticed here。  What

follows will respect your proceedings after your departure from the

U。S。




        Your mission has been communicated to the Ministers here from

France; Spain; & Great Britain; and through them to their

governments: and such assurances given them as to it's objects as we

trust will satisfy them。  The country of Louisiana having been ceded

by Spain to France; the passport you have from the Minister of

France; the representative of the present sovereign of the country;

will be a protection with all it's subjects: And that from the

Minister of England will entitle you to the friendly aid of any

traders of that allegiance with whom you may happen to meet。




        The object of your mission is to explore the Missouri river; &

such principal stream of it; as; by it's course & communication with

the water of the Pacific Ocean may offer the most direct &

practicable water communication across this continent; for the

purposes of commerce。




        Beginning at the mouth of the Missouri; you will take

observations of latitude and longitude at all remarkable points on

the river; & especially at the mouths of rivers; at rapids; at

islands & other places & objects distinguished by such natural marks

& characters of a durable kind; as that they may with certainty be

recognized hereafter。  The courses of the river between these points

of observation may be supplied by the compass; the log…line & by

time; corrected by the observations themselves。  The variations of

the compass too; in different places should be noticed。




        The interesting points of the portage between the heads of the

Missouri & the water offering the best communication with the Pacific

Ocean should be fixed by observation & the course of that water to

the ocean; in the same manner as that of the Missouri。




        Your observations are to be taken with great pains & accuracy;

to be entered distinctly; & intelligibly for others as well as

yourself; to comprehend all the elements necessary; with the aid of

the usual tables to fix the latitude & longitude of the places at

which they were taken; & are to be rendered to the war office; for

the purpose of having the calculations made concurrently by proper

persons within the U。S。  Several copies of these as well as of your

other notes; should be made at leisure times & put into the care of

the most trustworthy of your attendants; to guard by multiplying them

against the accidental losses to which they will be exposed。  A

further guard would be that one of these copies be written on the

paper of the birch; as less liable to injury from damp than common

paper。




 

        The commerce which may be carried on with the people inhabiting

the line you will pursue; renders a knolege of these people

important。  You will therefore endeavor to make yourself acquainted;

as far as a diligent pursuit of your journey shall admit。

        with the names of the nations & their numbers;

        the extent & limits of their possessions;

        their relations with other tribes or nations;

        their language; traditions; monuments;

        their ordinary occupations in agriculture; fishing; hunting;

                war; arts; & the implements for these;

        their food; clothing; & domestic accommodations;

        the diseases prevalent among them; & the remedies they

                use;

        moral and physical circumstance which distinguish them

                from the tribes they know;

        peculiarities in their laws; customs & dispositions;

        and articl

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