the memorabilia-第24章

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body　or　strength　of　limb；　but　in　ambition　and　that　love　of　honour＇14＇
which　most　of　all　gives　a　keen　edge　to　the　spirit　in　the　pursuit　of
things　lovely　and　of　high　esteem。

＇14＇　See　below；　v。　3；　Dem。　〃de　Cor。〃　28　foll。

Hipp。　That；　too；　is　a　true　saying。

Soc。　Do　you　not　think；　then；　that　if　a　man　devoted　himself　to　our
cavalry　also；　here　in　Athens；　we　should　far　outstrip　the　rest　of　the
world；　whether　in　the　furnishing　of　arms　and　horses；　or　in　orderliness
of　battle…array；　or　in　eager　hazardous　encounter　with　the　foe；　if　only
we　could　persuade　ourselves　that　by　so　doing　we　should　obtain　honour
and　distinction？

Hipp。　It　is　reasonable　to　think　so。

Soc。　Have　no　hesitation；　therefore；　but　try　to　guide　your　men　into
this　path；＇15＇　whence　you　yourself；　and　through　you　your　fellow…
citizens；　will　reap　advantage。

＇15＇　Or；　〃to　conduct　which　will　not　certainly　fail　of　profit　to
　　　　yourself　or　through　you　to　。　。　。〃

Yes；　in　good　sooth；　I　will　try　（he　answered）。


IV

At　another　time；　seeing　Nicomachides　on　his　way　back　from　the
elections　（of　magistrates）；＇1＇　he　asked　him：　Who　are　elected　generals；
Nicomachides？

＇1＇　Cf。　〃Pol。　Ath。〃　i。　3；　Aristot。　〃Ath。　Pol。〃　44。　4；　and　Dr。　Sandys'
　　　　note　ad　loc。　p。　165　of　his　edition。

And　he：　Is　it　not　just　like　them；　these　citizens　of　Athensjust　like
them；　I　sayto　go　and　elect；　not　me；　who　ever　since　my　name　first
apepared　on　the　muster…roll　have　literally　worn　myself　out　with
military　servicenow　as　a　captain；　now　as　a　coloneland　have
received　all　these　wounds　from　the　enemy；　look　you！　（at　the　same　time；
and　suiting　the　action　to　the　word；　he　bared　his　arms　and　proceeded　to
show　the　scars　of　ancient　wounds）they　elect　not　me　（he　went　on）；
but；　if　you　please；　Antisthenes！　who　never　served　as　a　hoplite＇2＇　in
his　life　nor　in　the　cavalry　ever　made　a　brilliant　stroke；　that　I　ever
heard　tell　of；　no！　in　fact；　he　has　got　no　science　at　all；　I　take　it；
except　to　amass　stores　of　wealth。

＇2＇　Cf。　Lys。　xiv。　10。

But　still　（returned　Socrates）；　surely　that　is　one　point　in　his　favour
he　ought　to　be　able　to　provide　the　troops　with　supplies。

Nic。　Well；　for　the　matter　of　that；　merchants　are　good　hands　at
collecting　stores；　but　it　does　not　follow　that　a　merchant　or　trader
will　be　able　to　command　an　army。

But　（rejoined　Socrates）　Antisthenes　is　a　man　of　great　pertinacity；　who
insists　on　winning；　and　that　is　a　very　necessary　quality　in　a
general。＇3＇　Do　not　you　see　how　each　time　he　has　been　choragos＇4＇　he
has　been　successful　with　one　chorus　after　another？

＇3＇　See　Grote；　〃Plato；〃　i。　465　foll。

＇4＇　Choir…master；　or　Director　of　the　Chorus。　It　was　his　duty　to
　　　　provide　and　preside　over　a　chorus　to　sing；　dance；　or　play　at　any
　　　　of　the　public　festivals；　defraying　the　cost　as　a　state　service　of
　　　　｛leitourgia｝。　See　〃Pol。　Ath。〃　iii。　4；　〃Hiero；〃　ix。　4；　Aristot。
　　　　〃Pol。　Ath。〃　28。　3。

Nic。　Bless　me！　yes；　but　there　is　a　wide　difference　between　standing　at
the　head　of　a　band　of　singers　and　dancers　and　a　troop　of　soldiers。

Soc。　Still；　without　any　practical　skill　in　singing　or　in　the　training
of　a　chorus；　Antisthenes　somehow　had　the　art　to　select　the　greatest
proficients　in　both。

Nic。　Yes；　and　by　the　same　reasoning　we　are　to　infer　that　on　a　campaign
he　will　find　proficients；　some　to　marshal　the　troops　for　him　and
others　to　fight　his　battles？

Soc。　Just　so。　If　in　matters　military　he　only　exhibits　the　same　skill
in　selecting　the　best　hands　as　he　has　shown　in　matters　of　the　chorus；
it　is　highly　probable　he　will　here　also　bear　away　the　palm　of　victory；
and　we　may　presume　that　if　he　expended　so　much　to　win　a　choric　victory
with　a　single　tribe；＇5＇　he　will　be　ready　to　expend　more　to　secure　a
victory　in　war　with　the　whole　state　to　back　him。

＇5＇　See　Dem。　〃against　Lept。〃　496。　26。　Each　tribe　nominated　such　of　its
　　　　members　as　were　qualified　to　undertake　the　burden。

Nic。　Do　you　really　mean；　Socrates；　that　it　is　the　function　of　the　same
man　to　provide　efficient　choruses　and　to　act　as　commander…in…chief？

Soc。　I　mean　this；　that；　given　a　man　knows　what　he　needs　to　provide；
and　has　the　skill　to　do　so；　no　matter　what　the　deparment　of　things　may
behouse　or　city　or　armyyou　will　find　him　a　good　chief　and
director＇6＇　of　the　same。

＇6＇　Or；　〃representative。〃

Then　Nicomachides：　Upon　my　word；　Socrates；　I　should　never　have
expected　to　hear　you　say　that　a　good　housekeeper＇7＇　and　steward　of　an
estate　would　make　a　good　general。

＇7＇　Or；　〃economist〃；　cf。　〃Cyrop。〃　I。　vi。　12。

Soc。　Come　then；　suppose　we　examine　their　respective　duties；　and　so
determine＇8＇　whether　they　are　the　same　or　different。

＇8＇　Lit。　〃get　to　know。〃

Nic。　Let　us　do　so。

Soc。　Well　then；　is　it　not　a　common　duty　of　both　to　procure　the　ready
obedience　of　those　under　them　to　their　orders？

Nic。　Certainly。

Soc。　And　also　to　assign　to　those　best　qualified　to　perform　them　their
distinctive　tasks？

That；　too；　belongs　to　both　alike　（he　answered）。

Soc。　Again；　to　chastise　the　bad　and　reward　the　good　belongs　to　both
alike；　methinks？

Nic。　Decidedly。

Soc。　And　to　win　the　kindly　feeling　of　their　subordinates　must　surely
be　the　noble　ambition　of　both？

That　too　（he　answered）。

Soc。　And　do　you　consider　it　to　the　interest　of　both　alike　to　win　the
adherence　of　supporters　and　allies？＇9＇

＇9＇　In　reference　to　the　necessity　of　building　up　a　family　connection
　　　　or　political　alliances　cf。　Arist。　〃Pol。〃　iii。　9；　13。

Nic。　Without　a　doubt。

Soc。　And　does　it　not　closely　concern　them　both　to　be　good　guardians　of
their　respective　charges？

Nic。　Very　much　so。

Soc。　Then　it　equally　concerns　them　both　to　be　painstaking　and　prodigal
of　toil　in　all　their　doings？

Nic。　Yes；　all　these　duties　belong　to　both　alike；　but　the　parallel　ends
when　you　come　to　actual　fighting。

Soc。　Yet　they　are　both　sure　to　meet　with　enemies？

Nic。　There　is　no　doubt　about　that。

Soc。　Then　is　it　not　to　the　interest　of　both　to　get　the　upper　hand　of
these？

Nic。　Certainly；　but　you　omit　to　tell　us　what　service　organisation　and
the　art　of　management　will　render　when　it　comes　to　actual　fighting。

Soc。　Why；　it　is　just　then；　I　presume；　it　will　be　of　most　service；　for
the　good　economist　knows　that　nothing　is　so　advantageous　or　so
lucrative　as　victory　in　battle；　or　to　put　it　negatively；　nothing　so
disastrous　and　expensive　as　defeat。　He　will　enthusiastically　seek　out
and　provide　everything　conducive　to　victory；　he　will　painstakingly
discover　and　guard　against　all　that　tends　to　defeat；　and　when
satisifed　that　all　is　ready　and　ripe　for　victory　he　will　deliver
battle　energetically；　and　what　is　equally　important；　until　the　hour　of
final　preparation　has　arrived；＇10＇　he　will　be　cautious　to　deliver
battle。　Do　not　despise　men　of　economic　genius；　Nicomachides；　the
difference　between　the　devotion　requisite　to　private　affairs　and　to
affairs　of　state　is　merely　one　of　quantity。　For　the　rest　the　parallel
holds　strictly；　and　in　this　respect　pre…eminently；　that　both　are
concerned　with　human　instruments：　which　human　beings；　moreover；　are　of
one　type　and　temperament；　whether　we　speak　of　devotion　to　public
affairs　or　of　the　administration　of　private　property。　To　fare　well　in
either　case　is　given　to　those　who　know　the　secret　of　dealing　with
humanity；　whereas　the　absence　of　that　knowledge　will　as　certainly
imply　in　either　case　a　fatal　note　of　discord。＇11＇

＇10＇　Lit。　〃as　long　as　he　is　unprepared。〃

＇11＇　L。　Dindorf；　〃Index　Graec。〃　Ox。　ed。；　cf。　Hor。　〃Ep。〃　II。　ii。　144；
　　　　〃sed　verae　numerosque　modosque　ediscere　vitae；〃　〃the　harmony　of
　　　　life；〃　Conington。


V

A　conversation　held　with　Pericles　the　son　of　the　great　statesman　may
here　be　introduced。＇1＇　Socrates　began：

＇1＇　Or；　〃On　one　occasion　Pericles　was　the　person　addressed　in
　　　　conversation。〃　For　Pericles　see　〃Hell。〃　I。　v。　16；　vii。　15；　Plut。
　　　　〃Pericl。〃　37　（Clough；　i。　368）。

I　am　looking　forward；　I　must　tell　you；　Pericles；　to　a　great
improvement　in　our　military　affairs　when　you　are　minister　of　war。＇2＇
The　prestige　of　Athens；　I　hope；　will　rise；　we　shall　gain　the　mastery
over　our　enemies。

＇2＇　〃Strategos。〃

Pericles　replied：　I　devoutly　wish　your　words　might　be　fulfilled；　but
how　this　happy　result　is　to　be　obtained；　I　am　at