the ancien regime-第20章

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life；　and　which　is　just　the　complement　needed　to　prevent　our　English

common…sense；　matter…of…fact　Lockism　from　degenerating　into

materialismthat　was　only　lying　hidden；　but　not　dead；　in　the　German

spirit。



With　the　Germans；　therefore；　Freemasonry　assumed　a　nobler　and　more

earnest　shape。　　Dropping；　very　soon；　that　Lockite　and　Philosophe

tone　which　had　perhaps　recommended　it　to　Frederick　the　Great　in　his

youth；　it　became　mediaevalist　and　mystic。　　It　craved　after　a

resuscitation　of　old　chivalrous　spirit；　and　the　virtues　of　the

knightly　ideal；　and　the　old　German　biederkeit　und　tapferkeit；　which

were　all　defiled　and　overlaid　by　French　fopperies。　　And　not　in　vain；

as　no　struggle　after　a　noble　aim；　however　confused　or　fantastic；　is

ever　in　vain。　　Freemasonry　was　the　direct　parent　of　the　Tugenbund；

and　of　those　secret　societies　which　freed　Germany　from　Napoleon。

Whatever　follies　young　members　of　them　may　have　committed；　whatever

Jahn　and　his　Turnerei；　whatever　the　iron　youths；　with　their　iron

decorations　and　iron　boot…heels；　whatever；　in　a　word；　may　have　been

said　or　done　amiss；　in　that　childishness　which　（as　their　own　wisest

writers　often　lament）　so　often　defaces　the　noble　childlikeness　of

the　German　spirit；　let　it　be　always　remembered　that　under　the

impulse　first　given　by　Freemasonry；　as　much　as　that　given　by　such

heroes　as　Stein　and　Scharnhorst；　Germany　shook　off　the　chains　which

had　fallen　on　her　in　her　sleep；　and　stood　once　more　at　Leipsic；　were

it　but　for　a　moment；　a　free　people　alike　in　body　and　in　soul。



Remembering　this；　and　the　solid　benefits　which　Germany　owed　to

Masonic　influences；　one　shrinks　from　saying　much　of　the

extravagances　in　which　its　Masonry　indulged　before　the　French

Revolution。　　Yet　they　are　so　characteristic　of　the　age；　so

significant　to　the　student　of　human　nature；　that　they　must　be　hinted

at；　though　not　detailed。



It　is　clear　that　Masonry　was　at　first　a　movement　confined　to　the

aristocracy；　or　at　least　to　the　most　educated　classes；　and　clear；

too；　that　it　fell　in　with　a　temper　of　mind　unsatisfied　with　the　dry

dogmatism　into　which　the　popular　creeds　had　then　been　frozen

unsatisfied　with　their　own　Frenchified　foppery　and　pseudo…

philosophyunsatisfied　with　want　of　all　duty；　purpose；　noble

thought；　or　noble　work。　　With　such　a　temper　of　mind　it　fell　in：　　but

that　very　temper　was　open　（as　it　always　is）　to　those　dreams　of　a

royal　road　to　wisdom　and　to　virtue；　which　have　haunted；　in　all　ages；

the　luxurious　and　the　idle。



Those　who　will；　may　read　enough；　and　too　much；　of　the　wonderful

secrets　in　nature　and　science　and　theosophy；　which　men　expected　to

find　and　did　not　find　in　the　higher　degrees　of　Masonry；　till　old

Vossthe　translator　of　Homerhad　to　confess；　that　after　〃trying

for　eleven　years　to　attain　a　perfect　knowledge　of　the　inmost

penetralia；　where　the　secret　is　said　to　be；　and　of　its　invisible

guardians；〃　all　he　knew　was　that　〃the　documents　which　he　had　to　make

known　to　the　initiated　were　nothing　more　than　a　well　got…up　farce。〃



But　the　mania　was　general。　　The　high…born　and　the　virtuous　expected

to　discover　some　panacea　for　their　own　consciences　in　what　Voss

calls；　〃A　multitude　of　symbols；　which　are　ever　increasing　the

farther　you　penetrate；　and　are　made　to　have　a　moral　application

through　some　arbitrary　twisting　of　their　meaning；　as　if　I　were　to

attempt　expounding　the　chaos　on　my　writing…desk。〃



A　rich　harvest…field　was　an　aristocracy　in　such　a　humour；　for　quacks

of　every　kind；　richer　even　than　that　of　France；　in　that　the　Germans

were　at　once　more　honest　and　more　earnest；　and　therefore　to　be

robbed　more　easily。　　The　carcass　was　there：　　and　the　birds　of　prey

were　gathered　together。



Of　Rosa；　with　his　lodge　of　the　Three　Hammers；　and　his　Potsdam　gold…

making；of　Johnson；　alias　Leuchte；　who　passed　himself　off　as　a

Grand　Prior　sent　from　Scotland　to　resuscitate　the　order　of　Knights

Templars；　who　informed　his　disciples　that　the　Grand　Master　Von　Hund

commanded　26；000　men；　that　round　the　convent　（what　convent；　does　not

appear）　a　high　wall　was　erected；　which　was　guarded　day　and　night；

that　the　English　navy　was　in　the　hands　of　the　Order；　that　they　had

MSS。　written　by　Hugo　de　Paganis　（a　mythic　hero　who　often　figures　in

these　fables）；　that　their　treasure　was　in　only　three　places　in　the

world；　in　Ballenstadt；　in　the　icy　mountains　of　Savoy；　and　in　China；

that　whosoever　drew　on　himself　the　displeasure　of　the　Order；

perished　both　body　and　soul；　who　degraded　his　rival　Rosa　to　the

sound　of　military　music；　and　after　having　had；　like　every　dog；　his

day；　died　in　prison　in　the　Wartburg；of　the　Rosicrucians；　who　were

accused　of　wanting　to　support　and　advance　the　Catholic　religionone

would　think　the　accusation　was　very　unnecessary；　seeing　that　their

actual　dealings　were　with　the　philosopher's　stone；　and　the　exorcism

of　spirits：　　and　that　the　first　apostle　of　the　new　golden

Rosicrucian　order；　one　Schropfer；　getting　into　debt；　and　fearing

exposure；　finished　his　life　in　an　altogether　un…catholic　manner　at

Leipsic　in　1774；　by　shooting　himself；of　Keller　and　his　Urim　and

Thummim；of　Wollner　（who　caught　the　Crown　Prince　Frederick　William）

with　his　three　names　of　Chrysophiron；　Heliconus；　and　Ophiron；　and

his　fourth　name　of　Ormesus　Magnus；　under　which　all　the　brethren　were

to　offer　up　for　him　solemn　prayers　and　intercessions；of　Baron

Heinrich　von　Ekker　and　Eckenhofen；　gentleman　of　the　bed…chamber　and

counsellor　of　the　Duke　of　Coburg　Saalfeld；　and　his　Jewish　colleague

Hirschmann；　with　their　Asiatic　brethren　and　order　named　Ben　Bicca；

Cabalistic　and　Talmudic；　of　the　Illuminati；　and　poor　Adam

Weisshaupt；　Professor　of　Canon　and　National　Law　at　Ingoldstadt　in

Bavaria；　who　set　up　what　he　considered　an　Anti…Jesuitical　order　on　a

Jesuit　model；　with　some　vague　hope；　according　to　his　own　showing；　of

〃perfecting　the　reasoning　powers　interesting　to　mankind；　spreading

the　knowledge　of　sentiments　both　humane　and　social；　checking　wicked

inclinations；　standing　up　for　oppressed　and　suffering　virtue　against

all　wrong；　promoting　the　advancement　of　men　of　merit；　and　in　every

way　facilitating　the　acquirement　of　knowledge　and　science；〃of　this

honest　silly　man；　and　his　attempts　to　carry　out　all　his　fine

projects　by　calling　himself　Spartacus；　Bavaria　Achaia；　Austria

Egypt；　Vienna　Rome；　and　so　forth；of　Knigge；　who　picked　his　honest

brains；　quarrelled　with　him；　and　then　made　money　and　fame　out　of　his

plans；　for　as　long　as　they　lasted；of　Bode；　the　knight　of　the

lilies　of　the　valley；　who；　having　caught　Duke　Ernest　of　Saxe　Gotha；

was　himself　caught　by　Knigge；　and　his　eight；　nine；　or　more　ascending

orders　of　unwisdom；and　finally　of　the　Jesuits　who；　really　with

considerable　excuses　for　their　severity；　fell　upon　these　poor

foolish　Illuminati　in　1784　throughout　Bavaria；　and　had　them　exiled

or　imprisoned；of　all　this　you　may　read　in　the　pages　of　Dr。　Findel；

and　in　many　another　book。　　For；　forgotten　as　they　are　now；　they　made

noise　enough　in　their　time。



And　so　it　befell；　that　this　eighteenth　century；　which　is　usually

held　to　be　the　most　〃materialistic〃　of　epochs；　was；　in　fact；　a　most

〃spiritualistic〃　one；　in　which　ghosts；　demons；　quacks；　philosophers'

stones；　enchanters'　wands；　mysteries　and　mummeries；　were　as

fashionableas　they　will　probably　be　again　some　day。



You　have　all　heard　of　Cagliostro〃pupil　of　the　sage　Althotas；

foster…child　of　the　Scheriff　of　Mecca；　probable　son　of　the　last　king

of　Trebizond；　named　also　Acharat；　and　'Unfortunate　child　of　Nature；'

by　profession　healer　of　diseases；　abolisher　of　wrinkles；　friend　of

the　poor　and　impotent；　grand…master　of　the　Egyptian　Mason…lodge　of

High　Science；　spirit…summoner；　gold…cook；　Grand…Cophta；　prophet；

priest；　Thaumaturgic　moralist；　and　swindler〃born　Giuseppe　Balsamo

of　Palermo；of　him；　and　of　his　lovely　Countess　Seraphinanee

Lorenza　Feliciani？　　You　have　read　what　Goetheand　still　more

important；　what　Mr。　Carlyle　has　written　on　him；　as　on　one　of　the