the writings-5-第82章

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Done　at　the　City　of　Washington；　this　fourth　day　of　February；　A。D。

1862；　and　of　the　independence　of　the　United　States　the　eighty…sixth。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。



By　the　President：

WILLIAM　H。　SEWARD；　　Secretary　of　State。









MESSAGE　TO　THE　SENATE。



WASHINGTON　CITY；　February　4。　　1862



To　THE　SENATE　OF　THE　UNITED　STATES：



The　third　section　of　the　〃Act　further　to　promote　the　efficiency　of

the　Navy；〃　approved　December　21；　1862；　provides：



〃That　the　President　of　the　United　States；　by　and　with　the　advice　and

consent　of　the　Senate；　shall　have　the　authority　to　detail　from　the

retired　list　of　the　navy　for　the　command　of　squadrons　and　single

ships　such　officers　as　he　may　believe　that　the　good　of　the　service

requires　to　be　thus　placed　in　command；　and　such　officers　may；　if　upon

the　recommendation　of　the　President　of　the　United　States　they　shall

receive　a　vote　of　thanks　of　Congress　for　their　services　and　gallantry

in　action　against　an　enemy；　be　restored　to　the　active　list；　and　not

otherwise。〃



In　conformity　with　this　law；　Captain　Samuel　F。　Du　Pont；　of　the　navy；

was　nominated　to　the　Senate　for　continuance　as　the　flag…officer　in

command　of　the　squadron　which　recently　rendered　such　important

service　to　the　Union　in　the　expedition　to　the　coast　of　South

Carolina。



Believing　that　no　occasion　could　arise　which　would　more　fully

correspond　with　the　intention　of　the　law；　or　be　more　pregnant　with

happy　influence　as　an　example；　I　cordially　recommend　that　Captain

Samuel　F。　Du　Pont　receive　a　vote　of　thanks　of　Congress　for　his

services　and　gallantry　displayed　in　the　capture　of　Forts　Walker　and

Beauregard；　commanding　the　entrance　of　Port　Royal　Harbor；　on　the　7th

of　November；　1861。

ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。









TO　GENERALS　D。　HUNTER　AND　J。　H。　LANE。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION　WASHINGTON；　FEBRUARY　4；　1862。



MAJOR…GENERAL　HUNTER　AND　BRIGADIER…GENERAL　LANE；

Leavenworth；　Kansas：



My　wish　has　been　and　is　to　avail　the　government　of　the　services　of

both　General　Hunter　and　General　Lane；　and；　so　far　as　possible；　to

personally　oblige　both。　　General　Hunter　is　the　senior　officer；　and

must　command　when　they　serve　together；　though　in　so　far　as　he　can

consistently　with　the　public　service　and　his　own　honor　oblige　General

Lane；　he　will　also　oblige　me。　　If　they　cannot　come　to　an　amicable

understanding；　General　Lane　must　report　to　General　Hunter　for　duty；

according　to　the　rules；　or　decline　the　service。

A。　LINCOLN。









EXECUTIVE　ORDER　NO。　1；　RELATING　TO　POLITICAL

PRISONERS。



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　WASHINGTON；

February　14；1862。



The　breaking　out　of　a　formidable　insurrection　based　on　a　conflict　of

political　ideas；　being　an　event　without　precedent　in　the　United

States；　was　necessarily　attended　by　great　confusion　and　perplexity　of

the　public　mind。　　Disloyalty　before　unsuspected　suddenly　became　bold；

and　treason　astonished　the　world　by　bringing　at　once　into　the　field

military　forces　superior　in　number　to　the　standing　army　of　the　United

States。



Every　department　of　the　government　was　paralyzed　by　treason。

Defection　appeared　in　the　Senate；　in　the　House　of　Representatives；　in

the　Cabinet；　in　the　Federal　courts；　ministers　and　consuls　returned

from　foreign　countries　to　enter　the　insurrectionary　councils　of　land

or　naval　forces；　commanding　and　other　officers　of　the　army　and　in　the

navy　betrayed　our　councils　or　deserted　their　posts　for　commands　in

the　insurgent　forces。　　Treason　was　flagrant　in　the　revenue　and　in　the

post…office　service；　as　well　as　in　the　Territorial　governments　and　in

the　Indian　reserves。



Not　only　governors；　judges；　legislators；　and　ministerial　officers　in

the　States；　but　even　whole　States　rushed　one　after　another　with

apparent　unanimity　into　rebellion。　　The　capital　was　besieged　and　its

connection　with　all　the　States　cut　off。　　Even　in　the　portions　of　the

country　which　were　most　loyal；　political　combinations　and　secret

societies　were　formed　furthering　tile　work　of　disunion；　while；　from

motives　of　disloyalty　or　cupidity　or　from　excited　passions　or

perverted　sympathies；　individuals　were　found　furnishing　men；　money；

and　materials　of　war　and　supplies　to　the　insurgents'　military　and

naval　forces。　　Armies；　ships；　fortifications；　navy　yards；　arsenals；

military　posts；　and　garrisons　one　after　another　were　betrayed　or

abandoned　to　the　insurgents。



Congress　had　not　anticipated；　and　so　had　not　provided　for；　the

emergency。　　The　municipal　authorities　were　powerless　and　inactive。

The　judicial　machinery　seemed　as　if　it　had　been　designed；　not　to

sustain　the　government；　but　to　embarrass　and　betray　it。



Foreign　intervention；　openly　invited　and　industriously　instigated　by

the　abettors　of　the　insurrection；　became　imminent；　and　has　only　been

prevented　by　the　practice　of　strict　and　impartial　justice；　with　the

most　perfect　moderation；　in　our　intercourse　with　nations。



The　public　mind　was　alarmed　and　apprehensive；　though　fortunately　not

distracted　or　disheartened。　　It　seemed　to　be　doubtful　whether　the

Federal　Government；　which　one　year　before　had　been　thought　a　model

worthy　of　universal　acceptance；　had　indeed　the　ability　to　defend　and

maintain　itself。



Some　reverses；　which；　perhaps；　were　unavoidable；　suffered　by　newly

levied　and　inefficient　forces；　discouraged　the　loyal　and　gave　new

hopes　to　the　insurgents。　　Voluntary　enlistments　seemed　about　to　cease

and　desertions　commenced。　　Parties　speculated　upon　the　question

whether　conscription　had　not　become　necessary　to　fill　up　the　armies

of　the　United　States。



In　this　emergency　the　President　felt　it　his　duty　to　employ　with

energy　the　extraordinary　powers　which　the　Constitution　confides　to

him　in　cases　of　insurrection。　　He　called　into　the　field　such　military

and　naval　forces；　unauthorized　by　the　existing　laws；　as　seemed

necessary。　　He　directed　measures　to　prevent　the　use　of　the　post…

office　for　treasonable　correspondence。　　He　subjected　passengers　to

and　from　foreign　countries　to　new　passport　regulations；　and　he

instituted　a　blockade；　suspended　the　writ　of　habeas　corpus　in　various

places；　and　caused　persons　who　were　represented　to　him　as　being　or

about　to　engage　in　disloyal　and　treasonable　practices　to　be　arrested

by　special　civil　as　well　as　military　agencies　and　detained　in

military　custody　when　necessary　to　prevent　them　and　deter　others　from

such　practices。　　Examinations　of　such　cases　were　instituted；　and　some

of　the　persons　so　arrested　have　been　discharged　from　time　to　time

under　circumstances　or　upon　conditions　compatible；　as　was　thought；

with　the　public　safety。



Meantime　a　favorable　change　of　public　opinion　has　occurred。　　The　line

between　loyalty　and　disloyalty　is　plainly　defined。　　The　whole

structure　of　the　government　is　firm　and　stable。　　Apprehension　of

public　danger　and　facilities　for　treasonable　practices　have

diminished　with　the　passions　which　prompted　heedless　persons　to　adopt

them。　　The　insurrection　is　believed　to　have　culminated　and　to　be

declining。



The　President；　in　view　of　these　facts；　and　anxious　to　favor　a　return

to　the　normal　course　of　the　administration　as　far　as　regard　for　the

public　welfare　will　allow；　directs　that　all　political　prisoners　or

state　prisoners　now　held　in　military　custody　be　released　on　their

subscribing　to　a　parole　engaging　them　to　render　no　aid　or　comfort　to

the　enemies　in　hostility　to　the　United　States。



The　Secretary　of　War　will；　however；　in　his　discretion；　except　from

the　effect　of　this　order　any　persons　detained　as　spies　in　the　service

of　the　insurgents；　or　others　whose　release　at　the　present　moment　may

be　deemed　incompatible　with　the　public　safety。



To　all　persons　who　shall　be　so　released；　and　who　shall　keep　their

parole；　the　President　grants　an　amnesty　for　any　past　offences　of

treason　or　disloyalty　which　they　may　have　comminuted。



Extraordinary　arrests　will　hereafter　be　made　under　the　direction　of

the　military　authorities　alone。



By　order　o