孙子兵法(中英文对照版)-第5章
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12。 We cannot enter into alliances until we are acquainted with the designs of our neighbors。
13。 We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country—its mountains and forests； its pitfalls and precipices； its marshes and swamps。
14。 We shall be unable to turn natural advantage to account unless we make use of local guides。
15。 In war； practice dissimulation； and you will succeed。
16。 Whether to concentrate or to divide your troops； it must be decided by circumstances。
17。 Let your rapidity be that of the wind； your pactness that of the forest。
18。 In raiding and plundering be like fire； is immovability like a mountain。
19。 Let your plans be dark and impenetrable as night； and when you move； fall like a thunderbolt。
20。 When you plunder a countryside； let the spoil be divided amongst your men； when you capture new territory； cut it up into allotments for the benefit of the soldiery。
21。 Ponder and deliberate before you make a move。
22。 He will conquer who has learnt the artifice of deviation。 Such is the art of maneuvering。
23。 The Book of Army Management says： On the field of battle； the spoken word does not carry far enough： hence the institution of gongs and drums。 Nor can ordinary objects be seen clearly enough： hence the institution of banners and flags。
24。 Gongs and drums； banners and flags； are means whereby the ears and eyes of the host may be focused on one particular point。
25。 The host thus forming a single united body； is it impossible either for the brave to advance alone； or for the cowardly to retreat alone。 This is the art of handling large masses of men。
26。 In night…fighting； then； make much use of signal…fires and drums； and in fighting by day； of flags and banners； as a means of influencing the ears and eyes of your army。
27。 A whole army may be robbed of its spirit； a mander…in…chief may be robbed of his presence of mind。
28。 Now a soldier's spirit is keenest in the morning； by noonday it has begun to flag； and in the evening； his mind is bent only on returning to camp。
29。 A clever general； therefore； avoids an army when its spirit is keen； but attacks it when it is sluggish and inclined to return。 This is the art of studying moods。
30。 Disciplined and calm； to await the appearance of disorder and hubbub amongst the enemy： this is the art of retaining self…possession。
31。 To be near the goal while the enemy is still far from it； to wait at ease while the enemy is toiling and struggling； to be well…fed while the enemy is famished：this is the art of husbanding one's strength。
32。 To refrain from intercepting an enemy whose banners are in perfect order； to refrain from attacking an army drawn up in calm and confident array： this is the art of studying circumstances。
33。 It is a military axiom not to advance uphill against the enemy； nor to oppose him when he es downhill。
34。 Do not pursue an enemy who simulates flight； do not attack soldiers whose temper is keen。
35。 Do not swallow bait offered by the enemy。 Do not interfere with an army that is returning home。
36。 When you surround an army； leave an outlet free。 Do not press a desperate foe too hard。
37。 Such is the art of warfare。
08《孫子兵法》九變篇第八
孫子曰：凡用兵之法，將受命于君，合軍聚眾，圮地無舍，衢地交和，絕地勿留，圍地則郑赖貏t戰。
途有所不由，軍有所不擊，城有所不攻，地有所不爭，君命有所不受。
故將通于九變之利者，知用兵矣﹔將不通于九變之利，雖知地形，不能得地之利矣﹔治兵不知九變之朮，雖知地利，不能得人之用矣。
是故智者之懀В仉s于利害。雜于利，而務可信也﹔雜于害，而患可解也。
是故屈諸侯者以害，役諸侯者以業，趨諸侯者以利。
故用兵之法，無恃其不來，恃吾有以待也﹔無恃其不攻，恃吾有所不可攻也。
故將有五危：必死，可殺也﹔必生，可虜也﹔忿速，可侮也﹔廉潔，可辱也﹔愛民，可煩也。凡此五者，將之過也，用兵之災也。覆軍殺將，必以五危，不可不察也。
VIII。 VARIATION IN TACTICS
1。 Sun Tzu said： In war； the general receives his mands from the sovereign； collects his army and concentrates his forces
2。 When in difficult country； do not encamp。 In country where high roads intersect； join hands with your allies。 Do not linger in dangerously isolated positions。 In hemmed…in situations； you must resort to stratagem。 In desperate position； you must fight。
3。 There are roads which must not be followed； armies which must be not attacked； towns which must be besieged； positions which must not be contested； and mands of the sovereign which must not be obeyed。
4。 The general who thoroughly understands the advantages that acpany variation of tactics knows how to handle his troops。
5。 The general who does not understand these may be well acquainted with the configuration of the country； yet he will not be able to turn his knowledge to practical account。
6。 So； the student of war who is unversed in the art of war of varying his plans； even though he be acquainted with the Five Advantages； will fail to make the best use of his men。
7。 Hence in the wise leader's plans； considerations of advantage and of disadvantage will be blended together。
8。 If our expectation of advantage be tempered in this way； we may succeed in acplishing the essential part of our schemes。
9。 If； on the other hand； in the midst of difficulties we are always ready to seize an advantage； we may extricate ourselves from misfortune。
10。 Reduce the hostile chiefs by inflicting damage on them； and make trouble for them； and keep them constantly engaged； hold out specious allurements； and make them rush to any given point。
11。 The art of war teaches us to rely not on the likelihood of the enemy's not ing； but on our own readiness to receive him； not on the chance of his not attacking； but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable。
12。 There are five dangerous faults which may affect a general：
（1） Recklessness； which leads to destruction；
（2） Cowardice； which leads to capture；
（3） A hasty temper； which can be provoked by insults；
（4） A delicacy of honor which is sensitive to shame；
（5） Over…solicitude for his men； which exposes him to worry and trouble。
13。 These are the five besetting sins of a general； ruinous to the conduct of war。
14。 When an army is overthrown and its leader slain； the cause will surely be found among these five dangerous faults。 Let them be a subject of meditation。
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09《孫子兵法》行軍篇第九
孫子曰：凡處軍、相敵，絕山依谷，視生處高，戰隆無登，此處山之軍也。絕水必遠水﹔客絕水而來，勿迎之于水內，令半濟而擊之，利﹔欲戰者，無附于水而迎客﹔視生處高，無迎水流，此處水上之軍也。絕斥澤，惟亟去無留﹔若交軍于斥澤之中，必依水草，而背眾樹，此處斥澤之軍也。平陸處易，而右背高，前死後生，此處平陸之軍也。凡此四軍之利，黃帝之所以勝四帝也。
凡軍好高而惡下，貴陽而賤陰，養生而處實，軍無百疾，是謂必勝。丘陵堤防，必處其陽，而右背之。此兵之利，地之助也。
上雨，水沫至，欲涉者，待其定也。
凡地有絕澗、天井、天牢、天羅、天陷、天隙，必亟去之，勿近也。吾遠之，敵近之﹔吾迎之，敵背之。
軍旁有險阻、潢井、葭葦、林木、蹋C者，必謹慎復索之，此伏奸之所處也。
敵近而靜者，恃其險也﹔遠而挑戰者，欲人之進也﹔其所居易者，利也。
眾樹動者，來也﹔眾草多障者，疑也﹔鳥起者，伏也﹔獸駭者，覆也﹔塵高而銳者，車來也﹔卑而廣者，徒來也﹔散而條達者，樵采也﹔少而往來者，營軍也。
辭卑而備者，進也﹔辭強而進驅者，退也﹔輕車先出其側者，陣也﹔無約而請和者，忠博r奔走而陳兵者，期也﹔半進半退者，誘也。
杖而立者，铮博r汲而先飲者，渴也﹔見利而不進者，勞也﹔鳥集者，虛也﹔夜呼者，恐也﹔軍擾者，將不重也﹔旌旗動者，亂也﹔吏怒者，倦也﹔粟馬肉食，軍無懸缶而不返其舍者，窮寇也﹔諄諄翕翕，徐與人言者，失眾也﹔數賞者，窘也﹔數罰者，困也﹔先暴而後畏其眾者，不精之至也﹔來委謝者，欲休息也。兵怒而相迎，久而不合，又不相去，必謹察之。
兵非貴益多也，惟無武進，足以并力、料敵、取人而已。夫惟無懀Ф讛痴撸厍苡谌恕�
卒未親附而罰之，則不服，不服則難用也。卒已親附而罰不行，則不可用也。故令之以文，齊之以武，是謂必取。令素行以教其民，則民服﹔令素不行以教其民，則民不服。令素行者，與眾相得也。
IX。 THE ARMY ON THE MARCH
1。 Sun Tzu said： We e now to the question of encamping the army； and observing signs of the enemy。
