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第19章

an account of egypt(埃及记)-第19章

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acquainted with that story also: and according to the manner in which he 

described the wanderings of Alexander in the Iliad (nor did he elsewhere 

retract that which he had said) of his course; wandering to various lands; 

and that he came among other places to Sidon in Phenicia。 Of this the poet 

has made mention in the 〃prowess of Diomede;〃 and the verses run thus: 

       〃There she had robes many…coloured; the works of women of Sidon; 

Those  whom  her   son   himself   the  god…like   of   form Alexander             Carried 

from Sidon; what time the broad sea…path he sailed over                   Bringing back 

Helene home; of a noble father begotten。〃 

     And in the Odyssey also he has made mention of it in these verses: 

       〃Such   had   the   daughter   of   Zeus;   such   drugs   of   exquisite   cunning; 

Good; which to her the wife of Thon; Polydamna; had given;                       Dwelling 

in Egypt; the land where the bountiful meadow produces                       Drugs more 

than all lands else; many good being mixed; many evil。〃 

     And thus too Menelaos says to Telemachos: 

       〃Still   the   gods   stayed   me   in   Egypt;   to   come   back   hither   desiring; 

Stayed me from voyaging home; since sacrifice due I performed not。〃 

     In   these   lines   he   makes   it   clear   that   he   knew   of   the   wanderings   of 

Alexander to Egypt; for Syria borders upon Egypt and the Phenicians; of 

whom is Sidon; dwell in Syria。 By these lines and by this passage it is also 

most clearly shown that the 〃Cyprian Epic〃 was not written by Homer but 



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by some other man: for in this it is said that on the third day after leaving 

Sparta Alexander   came   to   Ilion   bringing   with   him   Helen;   having   had   a 

〃gently…blowing wind and a smooth sea;〃 whereas in the Iliad it says that 

he wandered from his course when he brought her。 

     Let us now leave Homer and the 〃Cyprian Epic〃; but this I will say; 

namely   that   I   asked   the   priests   whether   it   is   but   an   idle   tale   which   the 

Hellenes      tell  of  that  which    they    say  happened      about    Ilion;  and   they 

answered me thus; saying that they had their knowledge by inquiries from 

Menelaos himself。 After the rape of Helen there came indeed; they said; to 

the Teucrian land a large army of Hellenes to help Menelaos; and when the 

army had   come out of the ships to land   and had   pitched its   camp   there; 

they   sent   messengers   to   Ilion;   with   whom   went   also   Menelaos   himself; 

and when these entered within the wall they demanded back Helen and the 

wealth which Alexander had stolen from Menelaos and had taken away; 

and   moreover   they   demanded   satisfaction   for   the   wrongs   done:   and   the 

Teucrians   told   the   same   tale   then     and   afterwards;   both    with   oath   and 

without oath; namely that in deed and in truth they had not Helen nor the 

wealth for which demand was made; but that both were in Egypt; and that 

they   could   not   justly   be   compelled   to   give   satisfaction   for   that   which 

Proteus   the   king   of   Egypt   had。  The   Hellenes   however   thought   that   they 

were being mocked by them and besieged the city; until at last they took it; 

and when they had taken the wall and did not find Helen; but heard the 

same tale as before; then they believed the former tale and sent Menelaos 

himself to Proteus。 And Menelaos having come to Egypt and having sailed 

up to Memphis; told the truth of these matters; and not only found great 

entertainment;   but   also   received   Helen   unhurt;   and   all   his   own   wealth 

besides。     Then;   however;     after   he  had    been   thus   dealt   with;   Menelaos 

showed himself ungrateful to the Egyptians; for when he set forth to sail 

away; contrary winds detained him; and as this condition of things lasted 

long; he devised an impious deed; for he took two children of natives and 

made sacrifice of them。 After this; when it was known that he had done so; 

he became abhorred; and   being pursued he escaped   and got away in   his 

ships to Libya; but whither he went besides after this; the Egyptians were 

not   able   to   tell。   Of   these   things   they   said   that   they   found   out   part   by 



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inquiries; and the rest; namely that which happened in their own land; they 

related from sure and certain knowledge。 

     Thus the priests of the Egyptians told me; and I myself also agree with 

the story which was told of Helen; adding this consideration; namely that 

if Helen had been in Ilion she would have been given up to the Hellenes; 

whether Alexander consented or no; for Priam assuredly was not so mad; 

nor yet the others of his house; that they were desirous to run risk of ruin 

for   themselves   and   their   children   and   their   city;   in   order   that Alexander 

might have Helen as his wife: and even supposing that during the first part 

of the time they had been so inclined; yet when many others of the Trojans 

besides were losing their lives as often as they fought with the Hellenes; 

and of the sons of Priam himself always two or three or even more were 

slain when a battle took place (if one may trust at all to the Epic poets); 

when; I say; things were coming thus to pass; I consider that even if Priam 

himself had had Helen as his wife; he would have given her back to the 

Achaians; if at least by so doing he might be freed from the evils which 

oppressed him。 Nor even was the kingdom coming to Alexander next; so 

that   when   Priam   was   old   the   government   was   in   his   hands;   but   Hector; 

who   was   both   older   and   more   of   a   man   than   he;   would   certainly   have 

received it after the death of Priam; and him it behoved not to allow his 

brother to go on with his wrong…doing; considering that great evils were 

coming to pass on his account both to himself privately and in general to 

the other Trojans。 In truth however they lacked the power to give Helen 

back; and the Hellenes did not believe them; though they spoke the truth; 

because; as I declare my opinion; the divine power was purposing to cause 

them utterly to perish; and so make it evident to men that for great wrongs 

great also are the chastisements which come from the gods。 And thus have 

I delivered my opinion concerning these matters。 

     After Proteus; they told me; Rhampsinitos received in succession the 

kingdom; who left as a memorial of himself that gateway to the temple of 

Hephaistos which is turned towards the West; and in front of the gateway 

he set up two statues; in height five…and…twenty cubits; of which the one 

which stands on the North side is called by the Egyptians Summer and the 

one on the South side Winter; and to that one which they call Summer they 



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do reverence and make offerings; while to the other which is called Winter 

they do the opposite of these things。 This king; they said; got great wealth 

of   silver;   which   none   of the  kings   born   after  him  could   surpass   or   even 

come   near  to;   and   wishing   to   store  his   wealth in   safety  he   caused   to   be 

built a chamber of stone; one of the walls whereof was towards the outside 

of his palace: and the builder of this; having a design against it; contrived 

as follows; that is; he disposed one of the stones in such a manner that it 

could be taken out easily from the wall either by two men or even by one。 

So when the chamber was finished; the king stored his mone

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