the paths of inland commerce-第30章

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　it　is　illustrated　afresh　in　Seymour　Dunbar's　〃A　History　of　Travel　in　America；〃　4　vols。　（1915）。　The　reader　will　take　great　pleasure　in　this　magnificently　illustrated　work；　which；　in　completer　fashion　than　it　has　ever　been　attempted；　gives　a　readable　running　story　of　the　whole　subject　for　the　whole　country；　despite　detours；　which　some　will　make　around　the　many　pages　devoted　to　Indian　relations。

For　almost　every　phase　of　the　general　topic　books；　monographs；　pamphlets；　and　articles　are　to　be　found　in　the　corners　of　any　great　library；　ranging　in　character　from　such　productions　as　William　F。　Ganong's　〃A　Monograph　of　Historic　Sites　in　the　Province　of　New　Brunswick〃　（〃Proceedings　and　Transactions〃　of　the　Royal　Society　of　Canada；　Second　Series；　vol。　V；　1899）　which　treats　of　early　travel　in　New　England　and　Canada；　or　St。　George　L。　Sioussat's　〃Highway　Legislation　in　Maryland　and　its　Influence　on　the　Economic　Development　of　the　State〃　（〃Maryland　Geological　Survey；〃　III；　1899）　treating　of　colonial　road　making　and　legislation　thereon；　or　Elbert　J。　Benton's　〃The　Wabash　Trade　Route　in　the　Development　of　the　Old　Northwest〃　（〃Johns　Hopkins　University　Studies　in　Historical　and　Political　Science；〃　vol。　XXI；　1903）　and　Julius　Winden's　〃The　Influence　of　the　Erie　Canal　upon　the　Population　along　its　Course〃　（University　of　Wisconsin；　1901）；　which　treat　of　the　economic　and　political　influence　of　the　opening　of　inland　water　routes；　to　volumes　of　a　more　popular　character　such　as　Francis　W。　Halsey's　〃The　Old　New　York　Frontier〃　（1901）；　Frank　H。　Severance's　〃Old　Trails　on　the　Niagara　Frontier〃　（1903）　for　the　North；　and　Charles　A。　Hanna's　〃The　Wilderness　Trail〃；　2　vols。　（1911）；　and　Thomas　Speed's　〃The　Wilderness　Road〃　（〃The　Filson　Club　Publications；〃　vol。　II；　1886）　for　Pennsylvania；　Virginia；　and　Kentucky。　The　value　of　Hanna's　work　deserves　special　mention。

For　the　early　phases　of　inland　navigation　John　Pickell's　〃A　New　Chapter　in　the　Early　Life　of　Washington〃　（1856）；　is　an　excellent　work　of　the　old…fashioned　type；　while　in　Herbert　B。　Adams's　〃Maryland's　Influence　upon　Land　Cessions　to　the　United　States〃　（〃Johns　Hopkins　University　Studies　in　Historical　and　Political　Science；　Third　Series；〃　I；　1885）　a　master…hand　pays　Washington　his　due　for　originating　plans　of　trans…Alleghany　solidarity；　this　likewise　is　the　theme　of　Archer　B。　Hulbert's　〃Washington　and　the　West〃　（1905）　wherein　is　printed　Washington's　〃Diary　of　September；　1784；〃　containing　the　first　and　unexpurgated　draft　of　his　classic　letter　to　Harrison　of　that　year。　The　publications　of　the　various　societies　for　internal　improvement　and　state　boards　of　control　and　a　few　books；　such　as　Turner　Camac's　〃Facts　and　Arguments　Respecting　the　Great　Utility　of　an　Extensive　Plan　of　Inland　Navigation　in　America〃　（1805）；　give　the　student　distinct　impressions　of　the　difficulties　and　the　ideals　of　the　first　great　American　promoters　of　inland　commerce。　Elkanah　Watson's　〃History　of　the。。。Western　Canals　in　the　State　of　New　York〃　（1820）；　despite　inaccuracies　due　to　lapses　of　memory；　should　be　specially　remarked。

For　the　rise　and　progress　of　turnpike　building　one　must　remember　W。　Kingsford's　〃History；　Structure；　and　Statistics　of　Plank　Roads〃　（1852）；　a　reliable　book　by　a　careful　writer。　The　Cumberland　（National）　Road　has　its　political　influence　carefully　adjudged　by　Jeremiah　S。　Young　in　〃A　Political　and　Constitutional　Study　of　the　Cumberland　Road〃　（1904）；　while　the　social　and　personal　side　is　interestingly　treated　in　county　history　style　in　Thomas　B。　Searight's　〃The　Old　Pike〃　（1894）。　Motorists　will　appreciate　Robert　Bruce's　〃The　National　Road〃　（1916）；　handsomely　illustrated　and　containing　forty…odd　sectional　maps。

The　best　life　of　Fulton　is　H。　W。　Dickinson's　〃Robert　Fulton；　Engineer　and　Artist：　His　Life　and　Works〃　（1913）；　while　in　Alice　Crary　Sutcliffe's　〃Robert　Fulton　and　the　'Clermont'〃　（1909）；　the　more　intimate　picture　of　a　family　biography　is　given。　For　the　controversy　concerning　the　Fulton…Livingston　monopoly；　note　W。　A。　Duer's　〃A　Course　of　Lectures　on　Constitutional　Jurisprudence〃　and　his　pamphlets　addressed　to　Cadwallader　D。　Colden。　The　life　of　that　stranger　to　success；　the　forlorn　John　Fitch；　was　written　sympathetically　and　after　assiduous　research　by　Thompson　Westcott　in　his　〃Life　of　John　Fitch　the　Inventor　of　the　Steamboat〃　（1858）。　For　the　pamphlet　war　between　Fitch　and　Rumsey　see　Allibone's　Dictionary。

The　Great　Lakes　have　not　been　adequately　treated。　E。　Channing　and　M。　F。　Lansing's　〃The　Story　of　the　Great　Lakes〃　（1909）　is　reliable　but　deals　very　largely　with　the　routine　history　covered　by　the　works　of　Parkman。　J。　O。　Curwood's　〃The　Great　Lakes〃　（1909）　is　stereotyped　in　its　scope　but　has　certain　chapters　of　interest　to　students　of　commercial　development；　as　has　also　〃The　Story　of　the　Great　Lakes。〃　The　vast　bulk　of　material　of　value　on　the　subject　lies　in　the　publications　of　the　New　York；　Buffalo；　Michigan；　Wisconsin；　Illinois；　and　Chicago　Historical　Societies；　whose　lists　should　be　consulted。　These　publications　also　give　much　data　on　the　Mississippi　River　and　western　commercial　development。　S。　L。　Clemens's　〃Life　on　the　Mississippi〃　（in　his　〃Writings；〃　vol。　IX；1869…1909）　is　invaluable　for　its　graphic　pictures　of　steamboating　in　the　heyday　of　river　traffic。　A。　B。　Hulbert's　〃Waterways　of　Western　Expansion〃　（〃Historic　Highways；〃　vol。　IX；　1903）　and　〃The　Ohio　River〃　（1906）　give　chapters　on　commerce　and　transportation。　For　the　beginnings　of　traffic　into　the　Far　West；　H。　Inman's　〃The　Old　Santa　Fe　Trail〃　（1897）　and　〃The　Great　Salt　Lake　Trail〃　（1914）　may　be　consulted；　together　with　the　publications　of　the　various　state　historical　societies　of　the　trans…Mississippi　States。

Various　bibliographies　on　this　general　subject　have　been　issued　by　the　Library　of　Congress。　Seymour　Dunbar　gives　a　good　bibliography　in　his　〃A　History　of　Travel　in　America；〃　4　vols。　（1915）。　The　student　will　find　quantities　of　material　in　books　of　travel；　in　which　connection　he　would　do　well　to　consult　Solon　J。　Buck's　〃Travel　and　Description；　1765…1865〃　（〃Illinois　State　Historical　Library　Collections；〃　vol。　IX；　1914）。







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