the wars of the jews-第159章

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　and　cruel；　and　generally　hated；　when　Puetonius　wrote　about　him。

（7）　Since　in　these　latter　ages　this　Sabbatic　River；　once　so　famous；　which；　by　Josephus's　account　here；　ran　every　seventh　day；　and　rested　on　six；　but　according　to　Pliny；　Nat。　Hist。　31。　II；　ran　perpetually　on　six　days；　and　rested　every　seventh；　（though　it　no　way　appears　by　either　of　their　accounts　that　the　seventh　day　of　this　river　was　the　Jewish　seventh　day　or　sabbath；）　is　quite　vanished；　I　shall　add　no　more　about　it：　only　see　Dr。　Hudson's　note。　In　Varenius's　Geography；　i；　17；　the　reader　will　find　several　instances　of　such　periodical　fountains　and。　rivers；　though　none　of　their　periods　were　that　of　a　just　week　as　of　old　this　appears　to　have　been。

（8）　Vespasian　and　his　two　sons；　Titus　and　Domitian。

（9）　See　the　representations　of　these　Jewish　vessels　as　they　still　stand　on　Titus's　triumphal　arch　at　Rome；　in　Reland's　very　curious　book　de　Spoliis　Ternpli；　throughout。　But　what；　things　are　chiefly　to　be　noted　are　these：　（1。）　That　Josephus　says　the　candlestick　here　carried　in　this　triumph　was　not　thoroughly　like　that　which　was　used　in　the　temple；　which　appears　in　the　number　of　the　little　knobs　and　flowers　in　that　on　the　triumphal　arch　not　well　agreeing　with　Moses's　description；　Exodus　25：31…36。　（2。）　The　smallness　of　the　branches　in　Josephus　compared　with　the　thickness　of　those　on　that　arch。　（3。）　That　the　Law　or　Pentateuch　does　not　appear　on　that　arch　at　all；　though　Josephus；　an　eye…witness；　assures　us　that　it　was　carried　in　this　procession。　All　which　things　deserve　the　consideration　of　the　inquisitive　reader。

（10）　Spanheim　observes　here；　that　in　Graceia　Major　and　Sicily　they　had　rue　prodigiously　great　and　durable；　like　this　rue　at　Macherus；

（11）　This　strange　account　of　the　place　and　root　Baaras　seems　to　have　been　taken　from　the　magicians；　and　the　root　to　have　been　made　use　of　in　the　days　of　Josephus；　in　that　superstitious　way　of　casting　out　demons；　supposed　by　him　to　have　been　derived　from　king　Solomon；　of　which　we　have　already　seen　he　had　a　great　opinion；　Antiq。　B。　VIII。　ch。　2。　sect。　5。　We　also　may　hence　learn　the　true　notion　Josephus　had　of　demons　and　demoniacs；　exactly　like　that　of　the　Jews　and　Christians　in　the　New　Testament；　and　the　first　four　centuries。　See　Antiq。　B。　I。　ch。　8。　sect。　2；　B。　XI；　ch。　2。　sect。　3。

（12）　It　is　very　remarkable　that　Titus　did　not　people　this　now　desolate　country　of　Judea；　but　ordered　it　to　be　all　sold；　nor　indeed　is　it　properly　peopled　at　this　day；　but　lies　ready　for　its　old　inhabitants　the　Jews；　at　their　future　restoration。　See　Literal　Accomplishment　of　Prophecies；　p。　77。

（13）　That　the　city　Emmaus；　or　Areindus；　in　Josephus　and　others　which　was　the　place　of　the　government　of　Julius　Africanus　were　slain；　to　the　number　of　one　thousand　seven　hundred；　as　were　the　women　and　the　children　made　slaves。　But　as　Bassus　thought　he　must　perform　the　covenant　he　had　made　with　those　that　had　surrendered　the　citadel；　he　let　them　go；　and　restored　Eleazar　to　them；　in　the　beginning　of　the　third　century；　and　which　he　then　procured　to　be　rebuilt；　and　after　which　rebuilding　it　was　called　Nicopolis；　is　entirely　different　from　that　Emmaus　which　is　mentioned　by　St。　Luke　24；13；　see　Reland's　Paleestina；　lib。　II。　p。　429；　and　under　the　name　Ammaus　also。　But　he　justly　thinks　that　that　in　St。　Luke　may　well　be　the　same　with　his　Ammaus　before　us；　especially　since　the　Greek　copies　here　usually　make　it　sixty　furlongs　distant　from　Jerusalem；　as　does　St。　Luke；　though　the　Latin　copies　say　only　thirty。　The　place　also　allotted　for　these　eight　hundred　soldiers；　as　for　a　Roman　garrison；　in　this　place；　would　most　naturally　be　not　so　remote　from　Jerusalem　as　was　the　other　Emmaus；　or　Nicopolis。

（14）　Pliny　and　others　confirm　this　strange　paradox；　that　provisions　laid　up　against　sieges　will　continue　good　for　a　hundred　ears；　as　Spanheim　notes　upon　this　place。

（15）　The　speeches　in　this　and　the　next　section；　as　introduced　under　the　person　of　this　Eleazar；　are　exceeding　remarkable；　and　oil　the　noblest　subjects；　the　contempt　of　death；　and　the　dignity　and　immortality　of　the　soul；　and　that　not　only　among　the　Jews；　but　among　the　Indians　themselves　also；　and　are　highly　worthy　the　perusal　of　all　the　curious。　It　seems　as　if　that　philosophic　lady　who　survived；　ch。　9。　sect。　1；　2；　remembered　the　substance　of　these　discourses；　as　spoken　by　Eleazar；　and　so　Josephus　clothed　them　in　his　own　words：　at　the　lowest　they　contain　the　Jewish　notions　on　these　heads；　as　understood　then　by　our　Josephus；　and　cannot　but　deserve　a　suitable　regard　from　us。

（16）　See　B。　II。　ch。　20。　sect。　2；　where　the　number　of　the　slain　is　but　10；000。

（17）　Reland　here　sets　down　a　parallel　aphorism　of　one　of　the　Jewish　Rabbins；　〃We　are　born　that　we　may　die；　and　die　that　we　may　live。'

（18）　Since　Josephus　here　informs　us　that　some　of　these　Sicarii；　or　ruffians；　went　from　Alexandria　（which　was　itself　in　Egypt；　in　a　large　sense）　into　Egypt；　and　Thebes　there　situated；　Reland　well　observes；　from　Vossius；　that　Egypt　sometimes　denotes　Proper　or　Upper　Egypt；　as　distinct　from　the　Delta；　and　the　lower　parts　near　Palestine。　Accordingly；　as　he　adds；　those　that　say　it　never　rains　in　Egypt　must　mean　the　Proper　or　Upper　Egypt；　because　it　does　sometimes　rain　in　the　other　parts。　See　the　note　on　Antiq。　B。　II。　ch。　7。　sect。　7；　and　B。　III。　ch。　1。　sect。　6。

（19）　Of　this　temple　of　Onias's　building　in　Egypt；　see　the　notes　on　Antiq。　B。　XIII。　ch。　3。　sect。　1。　But　whereas　it　is　elsewhere；　both　of　the　War；　B。　I。　ch。　1。　sect。　1；　and　in　the　Antiquities　as　now　quoted；　said　that　this　temple　was　like　to　that　at　Jerusalem；　and　here　that　it　was　not　like　it；　but　like　a　tower；　sect。　3；　there　is　some　reason　to　suspect　the　reading　here；　and　that　either　the　negative　particle　is　here　to　be　blotted　out；　or　the　word　entirely　added。

（20）　We　must　observe；　that　Josephus　here　speaks　of　Antiochus　who　profaned　the　temple　as　now　alive；　when　Onias　had　leave　given　them　by　Philometer　to　build　his　temple；　whereas　it　seems　not　to　have　been　actually　built　till　about　fifteen　years　afterwards。　Yet；　because　it　is　said　in　the　Antiquities　that　Onias　went　to　Philometer；　B。　XII。　ch。　9。　sect。　7；　during　the　lifetime　of　that　Antiochus；　it　is　probable　he　petitioned；　and　perhaps　obtained　his　leave　then；　though　it　were　not　actually　built　or　finished　till　fifteen　years　afterward。







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