wgolding.lordoftheflies-第69章
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e Beast was something you could hunt and kill!' said the head。 For a moment or two the forest and all the other dimly appreciated places echoed the parody of laughter。 'You knew; didn't you? I'm part of you? Close; close; close! I'm the reason why it's no go? Why things are what they are?' 〃
At the end of this fantastic scene Simon imagines he is looking into a vast mouth。 〃There was blackness within; blackness that spread 。 。 。 Simon was inside the mouth。 He fell down and lost consciousness。〃 This mouth;4 the symbol of ravenous; unreasoning and eternally insatiable nature; appears again in Pincher Martin; in which the development of the theme of a Nature inimical to the conscious personality of man is developed in a stunning fashion。 In Lord of the Flies; however; only the outline of a philosophy is sketched and the boys of the island are figures in a parable or fable which like all parables or fables contains an inherent tension between the innocent; time…passing; storytelling aspect of its surface and the great; 〃dimly appreciated〃 depths of its interior。
4。Cf。 Conrad's 〃Heart of Darkness〃: 〃I saw 'the dying Kurtz' open his mouth wide…it gave him a weirdly voracious aspect; as though he wanted to swallow all the air; all the earth; all the men before him。〃 Indeed Golding seems very dose to Conrad; both in basic principles and in artistic method。
Lord of the Campus1
BACK in England last week after a year in the U。 S。; British Author William Golding recalled his interrogation by American college students。 〃The question most asked was; 'Is there any hope for humanity?' I very dutifully said 'yes。' 〃 Golding's credentials for being asked such a monumental query…and for answering it…rest on one acplishment: his Lord of the Flies; a grim parable that holds out precious little hope for humanity; and is the most influential novel among U。 S。 undergraduates since 'Salinger's Catcher in the Rye。2
When Lord of the Flies was first published in the U。 S。 in 1955; it sold only 2;383 copies; and quickly went out of print。 But British enthusiasm for it has been gradually exported to Ivy League English departments; and demand for the book is now high。 The paperback edition; published in 1959; has already sold more than 65;000 copies。 At the Columbia University bookstore; it outsells Salinger。
Lord of the Flies is required reading at a hundred U。 S。 colleges; is on the list of suggested summer reading for freshmen entering colleges from Occidental to Williams。 At Harvard it is remended for a social…relations course on 〃interpersonal behavior。〃
An M。 I。 T。 minister uses it for a discussion group on original sin。 At Yale and Princeton…where Salinger; like the three…button suit; has lost some of his mystique as he
1。The following article is reprinted by permission from Time The Weekly Newsmagazine; copyright (c) Time Inc。 1962。 See 〃Lord of the Campus;〃 Time; LXXIX (June 22; 1982); 84。
2。See Golding's remarks on Salinger's novel in the interview by Douglas M。 Davis; 〃A Conversation with Golding;〃 New Republic; 148 (May 4; 1963); 28…30。…Eds。
bees adopted by the outlanders…the in…group popularity of Golding's book is creeping up。 At Smith; where Lord of the Flies runs a close second in sales to Salinger's Franny and Zooey; 1;000 girls turned out for a lecture by Golding。 The reception was the same at the thirty campuses Golding visited during his year as a rarely writer…in…residence at Virginia's Hollins College。3
CREATING THEIR OWN MISERY。 The British schoolboys in Lord of the Flies are a fe。w years younger than Salinger's Holden Caulfield…they are six to twelve…but are not self…pitying innocents in a world made miserable by adults。 They create their own world; their own misery。 Deposited unhurt on a deserted coral island by a plane during an atomic war; they form the responsible vacation…land democracy that their heritage calls for; and it gradually degenerates into anarchy; barbarism and murder。 When adult rescue finally es; they are a tribe of screaming painted savages hunting down their elected leader to tear him apart。 The British naval officer who finds them says; 〃I should have thought that a pack of British boys would have been able to put up a better show than that。〃 Then he goes back to his own war。
Says Golding: 〃The theme is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature。 Before the war; most Europeans believed that man could be perfected by perfecting society。 We all saw a hell of a lot in the war that can't be accounted for except on the basis of original evil。〃
〃PEOPLE I KNEW IN CAMP。〃 What accounts for the appeal? Part of it is; of course; pure identification。 A Harvard undergraduate says the book 〃rounds up all the people I knew in camp when I was a counselor。〃 On another level; Golding believes students 〃seem to have it in for the whole world of organization。 They're very cynical。 And here was someone who was not making excuses for society。 It was
3。 See Golding's series of four articles on his visit to the United States。 〃Touch of Insomnia;〃 Spectator; 207 (October 27; 1961); 569…70; 〃Glass Door;〃 Spectator; 207 (November 24; 1961); 732…33; 〃Body and Soul;〃 Spectator; 208 (January 19; 1962); 65…66; 〃Gradus ad Parnassum;〃 Spectator; 208 (September 7; 1962); 327…519。…Eds。
new to find someone who believes in original sin。〃 The prickly belief in original sin is not Golding's only unfashionable stand。 Under questioning by undergraduates; he cheerfully admitted he has read 〃absolutely no Freud〃4 (he prefers Greek plays in the original) and said there are no girls on the island because he does not believe that 〃sex has anything to do with humanity at this level。〃
At 51; bearded; scholarly William Golding claims to have been writing for 44 years…through childhood in Cornwall; Oxford; wartime duty as a naval officer; and 19 years as a schoolmaster。 Golding claims to be an optimist…emotionally if not intellectually…and has a humor that belies the gloomy themes of his allegories。 One critical appraisal of Lord of the Flies that impressed him came from an English schoolboy who went to an island near Puerto Rico last year to make a movie based oh the book。 Wrote the little boy from the idyllic island; surrounded by his happy peers and pampered by his producer: 〃I think Lord of the Flies stinks。 I can't imagine what I'm doing on this filthy island; and it's all your fault。〃 In Golding's view; a perfectly cast savage。
4。 An excellent 〃Freudian〃 analysis of Lord of the Flies appears in Claire Rosenfield's 〃Men of a Smaller Growth: A Psychological Analysis of William Golding's Lord of the Flies;〃 Literature and Psychology; XI (Autumn; 1961); 93…101。 Reprinted; in a revised version; on pp。 261…276 in this volume。…Eds。
1 Golding's recorded interest in Anglo…Saxon makes it unlikely that he should be unaware of this etymology。 See E。 L。 Epstein; 〃Notes on Lord of the Flies〃 below; p。 277。
2 Frank Kermode and William Golding; 〃The Meaning of It All;〃 Books and Bookmen; 5 (October 1959) p。 10。 See below in this volume p。 199。 Note Golding's statement that the novel was worked out 〃very carefully in every possible way。〃
3 Carl Niemeyer; 〃The Coral Island Revisited;〃 College English; 22 (January 1961); p。 242。 See below in this volume; p。 219。
4 The reader; of course; will wish to weigh any artist's view in the light of the continuing critical dialogue surrounding the 〃intentional fallacy。〃 Frank Kermode calls Golding's views in question in 〃The Novels of William Golding;〃 International Literary Annual; p。 19。 See p。 206 below。
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