descartes¡¯ reason discourse(µÑ¿¨¶ûµÄÍÆÀí)-µÚ12ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡34¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DISCOURSE¡¡ON¡¡THE¡¡METHOD¡¡OF¡¡RIGHTLY¡¡CONDUCTING¡¡THE¡¡REASON£»¡¡AND¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SEEKING¡¡TRUTH¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡SCIENCES¡¡
parts¡¡must¡¡pose¡¡an¡¡earth¡¡and¡¡some¡¡planets¡¡and¡¡ets£»¡¡and¡¡others¡¡a¡¡
sun¡¡and¡¡fixed¡¡stars¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And£»¡¡making¡¡a¡¡digression¡¡at¡¡this¡¡stage¡¡on¡¡the¡¡subject¡¡
of¡¡light£»¡¡I¡¡expounded¡¡at¡¡considerable¡¡length¡¡what¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡that¡¡light¡¡
must¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sun¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡stars£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡thence¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡
instant¡¡of¡¡time¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡traverses¡¡the¡¡immense¡¡spaces¡¡of¡¡the¡¡heavens£»¡¡and¡¡how¡¡
from¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡planets¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡ets¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡reflected¡¡¡¡¡¡towards¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡earth¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡
likewise¡¡added¡¡much¡¡respecting¡¡the¡¡substance£»¡¡the¡¡situation£»¡¡the¡¡motions£»¡¡
and¡¡all¡¡the¡¡different¡¡qualities¡¡of¡¡these¡¡heavens¡¡and¡¡stars£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡I¡¡thought¡¡I¡¡
had¡¡said¡¡enough¡¡respecting¡¡them¡¡to¡¡show¡¡that¡¡there¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡observable¡¡
in¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡heavens¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡stars¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡system¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡not£»¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡least¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡
appear¡¡precisely¡¡alike¡¡in¡¡those¡¡of¡¡the¡¡system¡¡which¡¡I¡¡described¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡came¡¡
next¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡of¡¡the¡¡earth¡¡in¡¡particular£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡show¡¡how£»¡¡even¡¡though¡¡I¡¡
had¡¡¡¡¡¡expressly¡¡¡¡¡¡supposed¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡given¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡weight¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡matter¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
which¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡posed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡prevent¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡parts¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡tending¡¡
exactly¡¡to¡¡its¡¡center£»¡¡how¡¡with¡¡water¡¡and¡¡air¡¡on¡¡its¡¡surface£»¡¡the¡¡disposition¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡heavens¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡heavenly¡¡¡¡bodies£»¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡especially¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡moon£»¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡
cause¡¡a¡¡flow¡¡and¡¡ebb£»¡¡like¡¡in¡¡all¡¡its¡¡circumstances¡¡to¡¡that¡¡observed¡¡in¡¡our¡¡
seas£»¡¡as¡¡also¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡current¡¡both¡¡of¡¡water¡¡and¡¡air¡¡from¡¡east¡¡to¡¡west£»¡¡such¡¡
as¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡likewise¡¡¡¡¡¡observed¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tropics£»¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mountains£»¡¡¡¡¡¡seas£»¡¡
fountains£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡rivers¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡naturally¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡formed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡metals¡¡
produced¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡mines£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡¡¡plants¡¡grow¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡fields¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡in¡¡general£»¡¡
how¡¡all¡¡the¡¡bodies¡¡which¡¡are¡¡monly¡¡denominated¡¡mixed¡¡or¡¡posite¡¡
might¡¡be¡¡generated¡¡and£»¡¡among¡¡other¡¡things¡¡in¡¡the¡¡discoveries¡¡alluded¡¡to¡¡
inasmuch¡¡as¡¡besides¡¡the¡¡stars£»¡¡I¡¡knew¡¡nothing¡¡except¡¡fire¡¡which¡¡produces¡¡
light£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡spared¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡pains¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡set¡¡¡¡¡¡forth¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡pertains¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡nature£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
manner¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡production¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡support£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡explain¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡heat¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡
sometimes¡¡found¡¡without¡¡light£»¡¡and¡¡light¡¡without¡¡heat£»¡¡to¡¡show¡¡how¡¡it¡¡can¡¡
induce¡¡¡¡¡¡various¡¡¡¡¡¡colors¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡different¡¡¡¡¡¡bodies¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡diverse¡¡¡¡¡¡qualities£»¡¡
how¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡reduces¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡liquid¡¡¡¡¡¡state¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡hardens¡¡¡¡¡¡others£»¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡
consume¡¡¡¡¡¡almost¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡bodies£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡convert¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡ashes¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡smoke£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
finally£»¡¡how¡¡from¡¡these¡¡ashes£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡mere¡¡intensity¡¡of¡¡its¡¡action£»¡¡it¡¡forms¡¡
glass£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡transmutation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡ashes¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡glass¡¡¡¡¡¡appeared¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡
wonderful¡¡as¡¡any¡¡other¡¡in¡¡nature£»¡¡I¡¡took¡¡a¡¡special¡¡pleasure¡¡in¡¡describing¡¡it¡£¡¡
I¡¡was¡¡not£»¡¡however£»¡¡disposed£»¡¡from¡¡these¡¡circumstances£»¡¡to¡¡conclude¡¡that¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡34¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡35¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DISCOURSE¡¡ON¡¡THE¡¡METHOD¡¡OF¡¡RIGHTLY¡¡CONDUCTING¡¡THE¡¡REASON£»¡¡AND¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SEEKING¡¡TRUTH¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡SCIENCES¡¡
this¡¡world¡¡had¡¡been¡¡created¡¡in¡¡the¡¡manner¡¡I¡¡described£»¡¡for¡¡it¡¡is¡¡much¡¡more¡¡
likely¡¡that¡¡God¡¡made¡¡it¡¡at¡¡the¡¡first¡¡such¡¡as¡¡it¡¡was¡¡to¡¡be¡£¡¡But¡¡this¡¡is¡¡certain£»¡¡
and¡¡an¡¡opinion¡¡monly¡¡received¡¡among¡¡theologians£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡action¡¡by¡¡
which¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡sustains¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡originally¡¡
created¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡although¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡beginning¡¡¡¡¡¡given¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡
other¡¡¡¡¡¡form¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡chaos£»¡¡¡¡¡¡provided¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡established¡¡¡¡¡¡certain¡¡
laws¡¡of¡¡nature£»¡¡and¡¡had¡¡lent¡¡it¡¡his¡¡concurrence¡¡to¡¡enable¡¡it¡¡to¡¡act¡¡as¡¡it¡¡is¡¡
wont¡¡to¡¡do£»¡¡it¡¡may¡¡be¡¡believed£»¡¡without¡¡discredit¡¡to¡¡the¡¡miracle¡¡of¡¡creation£»¡¡
that£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡way¡¡¡¡¡¡alone£»¡¡¡¡¡¡things¡¡¡¡¡¡purely¡¡¡¡¡¡material¡¡¡¡¡¡might£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡course¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡time£»¡¡
have¡¡bee¡¡such¡¡as¡¡we¡¡observe¡¡them¡¡at¡¡present£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡nature¡¡is¡¡much¡¡
more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡easily¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡conceived¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡beheld¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡manner¡¡
gradually¡¡into¡¡existence£»¡¡than¡¡when¡¡they¡¡are¡¡only¡¡considered¡¡as¡¡produced¡¡
at¡¡once¡¡in¡¡a¡¡finished¡¡and¡¡perfect¡¡state¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡From¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡description¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡inanimate¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡bodies¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡plants£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡passed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
animals£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡particularly¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡since¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡sufficient¡¡
knowledge¡¡to¡¡enable¡¡me¡¡to¡¡treat¡¡of¡¡these¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡manner¡¡as¡¡of¡¡the¡¡rest£»¡¡
that¡¡is¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡by¡¡deducing¡¡effects¡¡from¡¡their¡¡causes£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡showing¡¡from¡¡
what¡¡elements¡¡and¡¡in¡¡what¡¡manner¡¡nature¡¡must¡¡produce¡¡them£»¡¡I¡¡remained¡¡
satisfied¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡supposition¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡¡¡¡¡¡formed¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡body¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡wholly¡¡
like¡¡to¡¡one¡¡of¡¡ours£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡in¡¡the¡¡external¡¡shape¡¡of¡¡the¡¡members¡¡as¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
internal¡¡¡¡¡¡conformation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡organs£»¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡matter¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡
described£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡first¡¡placed¡¡in¡¡it¡¡no¡¡rational¡¡soul£»¡¡nor¡¡any¡¡other¡¡principle£»¡¡
in¡¡room¡¡of¡¡the¡¡vegetative¡¡or¡¡sensitive¡¡soul£»¡¡beyond¡¡kindling¡¡in¡¡the¡¡heart¡¡
one¡¡of¡¡those¡¡fires¡¡without¡¡light£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡I¡¡had¡¡already¡¡described£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡
I¡¡¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡different¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡heat¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡hay¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡heaped¡¡
together¡¡before¡¡it¡¡is¡¡dry£»¡¡or¡¡that¡¡which¡¡causes¡¡fermentation¡¡in¡¡new¡¡wines¡¡
before¡¡they¡¡are¡¡run¡¡clear¡¡of¡¡the¡¡fruit¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For£»¡¡when¡¡I¡¡examined¡¡the¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡
functions¡¡which¡¡might£»¡¡as¡¡consequences¡¡of¡¡this¡¡supposition£»¡¡exist¡¡in¡¡this¡¡
body£»¡¡I¡¡found¡¡precisely¡¡all¡¡those¡¡which¡¡may¡¡exist¡¡in¡¡us¡¡independently¡¡of¡¡
all¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡thinking£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡consequently¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡measure¡¡
owing¡¡to¡¡the¡¡soul£»¡¡in¡¡other¡¡words£»¡¡to¡¡that¡¡part¡¡of¡¡us¡¡which¡¡is¡¡distinct¡¡from¡¡
the¡¡body£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡which¡¡it¡¡has¡¡been¡¡said¡¡above¡¡that¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡distinctively¡¡
consists¡¡in¡¡thinking£»¡¡functions¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡animals¡¡void¡¡of¡¡reason¡¡may¡¡be¡¡
said¡¡wholly¡¡to¡¡resemble¡¡us£»¡¡but¡¡among¡¡which¡¡I¡¡could¡¡not¡¡discover¡¡any¡¡of¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡35¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡36¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DISCOURSE¡¡ON¡¡THE¡¡METHOD¡¡OF¡¡RIGHTLY¡¡CONDUCTING¡¡THE¡¡REASON£»¡¡AND¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SEEKING¡¡TRUTH¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡SCIENCES¡¡
those¡¡that£»¡¡as¡¡dependent¡¡on¡¡thought¡¡alone£»¡¡belong¡¡to¡¡us¡¡as¡¡men£»¡¡while£»¡¡on¡¡
the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡I¡¡did¡¡afterwards¡¡discover¡¡these¡¡as¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡I¡¡supposed¡¡God¡¡
to¡¡have¡¡created¡¡a¡¡rational¡¡soul£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡have¡¡annexed¡¡it¡¡to¡¡this¡¡body¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
particular¡¡manner¡¡which¡¡I¡¡described¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡show¡¡how¡¡I¡¡there¡¡handled¡¡this¡¡matter£»¡¡I¡¡mean¡¡here¡¡to¡¡
give¡¡the¡¡explication¡¡of¡¡the¡¡motion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡heart¡¡and¡¡arteries£»¡¡which£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡
first¡¡and¡¡most¡¡general¡¡motion¡¡observed¡¡in¡¡animals£»¡¡will¡¡afford¡¡the¡¡means¡¡
of¡¡readily¡¡determining¡¡what¡¡should¡¡be¡¡thought¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡rest¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡that¡¡
there¡¡may¡¡be¡¡less¡¡difficulty¡¡in¡¡understanding¡¡¡¡what¡¡I¡¡am¡¡¡¡about¡¡to¡¡say¡¡¡¡on¡¡
this¡¡¡¡¡¡subject£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡advise¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡versed¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡anatomy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡
mence¡¡the¡¡perusal¡¡of¡¡these¡¡observations£»¡¡to¡¡take¡¡the¡¡trouble¡¡of¡¡getting¡¡
dissected¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡presence¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡heart¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡large¡¡¡¡¡¡animal¡¡¡¡¡¡possessed¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
lungs¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨for¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡throughout¡¡¡¡¡¡sufficiently¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡human£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡
shown¡¡to¡¡them¡¡its¡¡two¡¡ventricles¡¡or¡¡cavities£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡the¡¡first¡¡place£»¡¡that¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
right¡¡side£»¡¡with¡¡which¡¡correspond¡¡two¡¡very¡¡ample¡¡tubes£»¡¡viz¡££»¡¡the¡¡hollow¡¡
vein¡¡£¨vena¡¡cava£©£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡the¡¡principal¡¡receptacle¡¡of¡¡the¡¡blood£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡
trunk¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tree£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡were£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡all¡¡the¡¡other¡¡veins¡¡in¡¡the¡¡body¡¡are¡¡
branches£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡arterial¡¡¡¡¡¡vein¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨vena¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡arteriosa£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡inappropriately¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡
denominated£»¡¡since¡¡it¡¡is¡¡in¡¡truth¡¡only¡¡an¡¡artery£»¡¡which£»¡¡taking¡¡its¡¡rise¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
heart£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡divided£»¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡passing¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡branches¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡
presently¡¡disperse¡¡themselves¡¡all¡¡over¡¡the¡¡lungs£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡second¡¡place£»¡¡the¡¡
cavity¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡left¡¡¡¡¡¡side£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡correspond¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡th